This chapter explores the potential of industrial waste heat recovery (WHR) as a sustainable solution to enhance energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and support decarbonization efforts. It examines the various technologies available for recovering industrial waste heat, such as heat exchangers, organic Rankine cycles, and thermoelectric generators. It discusses their application across key sectors like cement, steel, food processing, and chemicals. Despite the considerable potential for WHR, this chapter highlights several technical, economic, and regulatory challenges that hinder its widespread adoption. These include variability in waste heat availability, high initial costs, and fragmented policies across regions, which create obstacles to industry uptake. The chapter also identifies gaps in current policy frameworks, such as the lack of clear financial incentives and third-party access regulations, that limit the integration of waste heat into energy systems. To overcome these barriers, the chapter calls for coordinated efforts from policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers to develop targeted financial mechanisms, improve technological innovation, and create more cohesive, supportive regulatory frameworks. With the right policies and investments, industrial WHR can significantly contribute to a more sustainable and resilient energy system, helping industries reduce costs, improve operational efficiency, and align with broader climate goals.