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Distributed energy resource portfolio sizing for extreme event mitigation using deep reinforcement learning
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6745-4918
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5380-5289
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3014-5609
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2964-7233
2027 (English)In: Electric power systems research, ISSN 0378-7796, E-ISSN 1873-2046, Vol. 262, article id 113549Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Whether due to climate change, cyber attacks, or physical attacks, outages in the electrical grid can cause economic and physical harm. In this work we investigate how Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) could be leveraged to enhance resilience by using demand response and energy storage to mitigate line outage events. In order to provide rapid decision support, in this work continuous off-policy Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is applied on a portfolio of DERs after an extreme event has impacted. With the help of distributed training, hyperparameter optimisation, and a safety shield the resulting agents were able to reduce Energy Not Supplied (ENS) by up to 52.9%, on average, in unseen scenarios. By varying the composition of the DER portfolio, a weak linear relationship between portfolio size and scenario performance was found, alongside a strong impact of where demand response was applied. Nevertheless, based on this sensitivity analysis, a DSO could temporarily contract DERs based on the expected reduction in the cost of ENS, when compared to the cost of acquiring the DER.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2027. Vol. 262, article id 113549
Keywords [en]
Decision support systems, Deep reinforcement learning, Disaster and recovery, Distributed energy resources, Resilience
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-385418DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.113549ISI: 001810481900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105043145323OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-385418DiVA, id: diva2:2086461
Note

Not duplicate with diva 2057734

QC 20260714

Available from: 2026-07-14 Created: 2026-07-14 Last updated: 2026-07-14Bibliographically approved

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Weiss, XavierRolander, ArvidNordström, LarsHilber, Patrik

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