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Battery-Aware Sleep Scheduling: A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Sustainable RAN Operations
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Information Science and Engineering. Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4541-2098
Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6737-0266
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Decision and Control Systems. Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2289-3159
Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0009-0009-6183-5152
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2026 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, E-ISSN 2473-2400, Vol. 10, p. 3623-3635Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

While base station (BS) sleeping has long been recognized as an effective energy-saving approach, its real-world adoption remains very limited due to concerns over service quality degradation. In this paper, we address this challenge by integrating on-site BS batteries into the sleep scheduling process. Specifically, our reinforcement learning (RL)-based framework intelligently synchronizes battery usage with dynamic electricity prices and traffic fluctuations, enabling deeper sleep opportunities without compromising critical key performance indicators (KPIs). We further propose a complementary charging strategy that leverages lower-cost energy periods, thereby reducing operational expenses. Through extensive simulations using real-world traffic traces, we show that our solution leads to notable cost savings while incurring only negligible increases in service delay. Our results highlight the substantial promise of battery-powered BSs in bridging the gap between energy efficiency and service quality for sustainable and cost-effective mobile networks.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2026. Vol. 10, p. 3623-3635
Keywords [en]
5G, BS sleeping, RAN, RL, battery-powered BS, energy performance
National Category
Communication Systems Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-386040DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3709242Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105044350720OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-386040DiVA, id: diva2:2087969
Note

QC 20260723

Available from: 2026-07-23 Created: 2026-07-23 Last updated: 2026-07-23Bibliographically approved

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Shi, WeiFodor, GaborSkoglund, Mikael

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Shi, WeiGhadikolaei, Hossein S.Fodor, GaborEleftheriadis, LackisSkoglund, Mikael
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