An AC-voltage source feeding an electric network results in a periodic excitation of the network. In steady state, all currents and voltages will be periodic with cycle time corresponding to the frequency of the voltage source. If the network is linear, all signals are sinusoidal and the network is solved using traditional methods. If the network contains components with nonlinear or switching dynamics, iterative methods based on harmonic balance are often required to obtain the periodic steady state solution. By linearization of the system around the periodic solution, a linear time periodic model is obtained. This can be used as a local description of the system in the neighborhood of the periodic solution. If only periodic signals are considered, a linearized model can be represented by a matrix, called the harmonic transfer matrix (HTM). The method is applied to the motor side of a modern inverter train. Via the HTM, the steady state response to constant or periodic disturbances or changes in reference values can be obtained
Linear time-invariant models are widely used in the control community. They often serve as approximations of nonlinear systems. For control purposes linear approximations are often good enough since feedback control systems are inherently robust to model errors. In this thesis some of the possibilities for linear time-varying modeling are studied. In the thesis it is shown that the balanced truncation procedure can be applied to reduce the order of linear time-varying systems. Many of the attractive properties of balanced truncation for time-invariant systems can be generalized into the time-varying framework. For example, it is shown that a truncated input-output stable system will be input-output stable, and computable simple worst-case error bounds are derived. The method is illustrated with model reduction of a nonlinear diesel exhaust catalyst model. It is also shown that linear time-periodic models can be used for analysis of systems with power converters. Power converters produce harmonics in the power grids and give frequency coupling that cannot be modeled with standard time-invariant linear models. With time-periodic models we can visualize the coupling and also use all the available tools for linear time-varying systems, such as balanced truncation. The method is illustrated on inverter locomotives.