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Production of volatile fatty acids through co-digestion of sewage sludge and external organic waste: Effect of substrate proportions and long-term operation
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3388-9059
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3306-8565
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8170-379x
2020 (English)In: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 112, p. 30-39Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are intermediates of anaerobic digestion with high value and wide range ofusage. Co-digestion of sewage sludge and external organic waste (OW) for VFA production can helpachieve both resource recovery and ensure sustainable and innovative waste management. In view ofthis, the effect of substrate proportions on VFA production from co-digestion of primary sewage sludgeand OW is studied. Long-term operation in a semi-continuous reactor was performed to assess the resilienceof such a system and the VFA-rich effluent was tested for its ability to be used as carbon source fordenitrification. Co-digestion was initially carried out in batch reactors with OW proportion of 0%, 25%,50%, 75%, 100% in terms of COD and scaled up in a semi-continuous reactor operation with 50% OW.In the short-term operation in the batch mode, acetic acid dominated, however, increasing OW fractionresulted in increased valeric and caproic acid production. Moreover, in the long-term semi-continuousoperation, caproic acid dominated, accounting for 55% of VFAs. The VFA-rich effluent from the semicontinuousreactor achieved the highest denitrification rate as a carbon source when compared withacetic acid and methanol. The results demonstrate that co-fermentation can increase VFA yield and shiftproducts from acetic acid to caproic acid in long-term operation and the VFAs can be used withinwastewater treatment plants to close the loop.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2020. Vol. 112, p. 30-39
National Category
Industrial Biotechnology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276451DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.027ISI: 000540927500004PubMedID: 32497899Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85085581072OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-276451DiVA, id: diva2:1439823
Note

QC 20200703

Available from: 2020-06-12 Created: 2020-06-12 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Recovery of organic carbon from municipal waste streams
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Recovery of organic carbon from municipal waste streams
2020 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The focus of the current study was on the recovery of carbon from municipal bio-waste streams. Firstly, the relationship between methanogenic pathways and the properties of anaerobic granules was studied using two pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors with different granule size distribution. UASB1 granules were larger (3-4 mm) with multi-layered internal structure and the archaeal community was dominated by acetoclastic methanogens, while the UASB2 granules were smaller (1-2 mm) without a layered internal structure and the archaeal community was predominated by hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The acetoclastic methanogenic activities of UASB1 (250-437 mL CH4/g VS·d) than UASB2 (150-260 mL CH4/g VS·d), confirming that acetoclastic methanogenesis was more dominant in UASB1. Temperature increase from 20oC to 28oC did not change the microbial community but resulted in increased and stable biogas production for both reactors. There was an increase in chemical oxygen demand (COD) with hydraulic retention time due to increased contact time.

The second part of the study focused on anaerobic co-digestion to produce volatile fatty acid (VFA) due to its higher value. The impact of substrate ratio of primary sludge (PS) and external organic waste (OW) and the robustness of the VFA system in the long term were assessed. Lab-scale batch study with different proportions of PS and OW; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of OW in terms of COD and scaled up in a semi-continuous pilot reactor with substrate ratio of 50% OW based on the results of the lab-scale study were performed. There was an increase in VFA production with an increase in OW proportion due to the availability of biodegradable organics. Acetic acid was the most dominant VFA in the batch reactors while in the semi-continuous experiment, caproic acid was dominated (50%). As carbon sources, the VFA-rich liquid attained the highest specific denitrification rate when compared with acetate and methanol.

Abstract [sv]

I kommunala avfallsströmmar finns det en stor potential för resursåtervinning på grund av det höga organiska innehållet vilket kan användas för biobaserade produkter. På grundval av detta så fokuserar denna studie på resursåtervinningen av kol från kommunala avfallsströmmar genom att undersöka nuvarande och nytillkomna tekniker för att få vattenreningssystem att också bli resursåtervinningssystem. Första delen av studien undersöker relationen mellan metanproduktion och karaktäriseringen av anaerobiska granuler med ändamålet att förbättra energiproduktionen genom direkt behandling av kommunalt avloppsvatten. För detta ändamål så användes två UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) pilotreaktorer. Reaktorerna kördes med olika stora granuler, olika temperaturinställningar och olika hydrauliska uppehållstider (HRTs). Storlek, mikrobiell struktur, intern mikrostruktur och specifik metanogenaktivitet av de anaerobiska granulerna analyserades. Granulerna i UASB1 var 3-4 mm stora med interna multilager av mikrostrukturer som bestod av acetoklastika-metanogen arkéer. Granulerna i UASB2 var 1- 2 mm stora utan interna multilager och bestod av hydrogenotrofa metanogener. Aktiviteten i granulerna i UASB1 var 250-437 mL CH4 /g VS·d och i UASB2 var det 150-260 mL CH4 /g VS·d, vilket bekräftar att de acetoklastisk-metanogesa var mer effektiva i UASB1 än de hydrogenotrofa i UASB2. Att öka temperaturen från 20 o C till 28 o C under försöket medförde ingen förändring av den mikrobiologiska strukturen, men gav en ökning i biogasproduktion i UASB1 och högre och stabilare biogasproduktionshastighet i UASB2. Ökningen av biogasproduktion berodde på en reduktion i metans löslighet i utflödet och stabilare metanogenes. Ökning i HRT resulterade i större reduktion av organiskt material mätt som kemisk syreförbrukning (COD) och större biogasproduktion på grund av längre kontakttid mellan substrat och mikroorganismer. Den andra delen av studien fokuserar på att utveckla ett tillvägagångssätt att få en anaerob rötning att producera flyktiga fettsyror (VFA) istället för biogas. Studien fokuserar på effekten som kvoten mellan substraten primärslam och externt matavfall (OW) har och hur robust VFA-systemet skulle vara i stor skala på lång sikt. Olika kvoter av primärslam och matavfall testades i labbskala i batchstudier med 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % och 100 % COD OW. Baserat på resultaten från labbskala så kördes 50% COD OW i ett semi-kontinuerligt pilotförsök. Batch-testerna i labbskala visade att högre % COD OW, gav högre VFA produktion på grund av högre koncentration av organiskt material. Ättiksyra var den mest förekommande VFAn i batch-testerna medan kapronsyra var högst förekommande (50%) i det semi-kontinuerliga försöket. Denitrifikationsförsök visade att VFA-rik vätska från pilotskalareaktorerna gav den högsta specifika denitrifikationshastigheten i jämförelse med acetat och metanol. Resultaten visar att värdefulla kolkällor kan återvinnas från kommunalt avfall genom anaerob behandling av kommunalt avloppsvatten och samfermentering av primärslam och matavfall.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2020. p. 44
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2020:23
Keywords
Biogas, Volatile fatty acid, Anaerobic granules, Co-digestion, Municipal waste
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260305 (URN)978-91-7873-516-7 (ISBN)
Presentation
2020-08-19, https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_yT62Az7IQ0SHQVwsaKgrcw, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2020-06-15

Available from: 2020-06-15 Created: 2020-06-12 Last updated: 2022-09-13Bibliographically approved
2. Bio-based recovery of organic carbon from municipal waste streams: Process optimization and microbial community dynamics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bio-based recovery of organic carbon from municipal waste streams: Process optimization and microbial community dynamics
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Resource recovery from waste contributes to the transition to a sustainable society. Municipal organic wastes have enormous potential for resource recovery due to the inherent organic content which makes it possible to obtain bio-based chemicals and bioenergy. In view of this, the focus of the current study was on the bio-based recovery of carbon from municipal organic wastes by exploring process optimization and microbial community dynamics of existing and new technologies for the recovery of bio-based products. The study involved two parts: 1) biogas production through direct anaerobic granule-based treatment of mainstream municipal wastewater; and 2) production of bio-based platform chemicals in the form of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from sewage sludge and other municipal organic wastes through mixed microbiome co-fermentation. This Ph.D. project demonstrated a waste-to-value approach to shifting wastewater treatment plants to biorefineries for recovering valuable carbon resources through both direct anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater and co-fermentation of municipal organic waste. The application of VFAs for other processes could lead to a bio-based production platform as an alternative to fossil-based processes.

Abstract [sv]

Resursåtervinning från avfall bidrar till omställningen till ett hållbart samhälle. Kommunalt organiskt avfall har en enorm potential för resursåtervinning på grund av det inneboende organiska innehållet som gör det möjligt att få fram biobaserade kemikalier och bioenergi. Med tanke på detta låg fokus för den aktuella studien på biobaserad återvinning av kol från kommunalt organiskt avfall genom att utforska processoptimering och dynamik hos mikrobiella samhällen hos befintliga och nya teknologier för återvinning av biobaserade produkter. Studien omfattade två delar: 1) biogasproduktion genom direkt anaerob granulatbaserad rening av kommunalt avloppsvatten; och 2) produktion av nya plattformskemikalier i form av flyktiga fettsyror (VFA) från avloppsslam och annat kommunalt organiskt avfall genom samfermentering av blandad mikrobiom. Detta Ph.D. projekt visade på ett avfall till värde synsätt på att förvandla avloppsreningsverk till bioraffinaderier för att återvinna värdefulla kolresurser genom både direkt anaerob behandling av kommunalt avloppsvatten och samjäsning med kommunalt organiskt avfall. Tillämpningen av VFA för andra processer skulle kunna leda till en biobaserad produktionsplattform som ett alternativ till fossilbaserade processer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 83
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2022:17
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-309664 (URN)978-91-8040-154-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-04-06, https://kth-se.zoom.us/meeting/register/u5wpf-ytqTMjGdYb0Prnn8cP_QXwRxdWtjg0, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, FR-2016/0002Swedish Energy Agency, 46119-1
Note

QC 2022-03-09

Available from: 2022-03-09 Created: 2022-03-08 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Owusu-Agyeman, IsaacPlaza, ElzbietaCetecioglu, Zeynep

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