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TE-wave propagation in a hollow circular waveguide filled with a graded multilayered dielectric medium
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering and Fusion Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3417-1452
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering and Fusion Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0369-7520
2025 (English)In: EPJ Applied Metamaterials, E-ISSN 2272-2394, Vol. 12, article id 1Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this paper, we study transverse electric (TE) wave propagation inside a hollow circular waveguide filled with a lossy graded multilayered dielectric composite. The dielectric composite grading and the wave propagation are directed along the z-direction. The z-dependent permittivity of the dielectric composite is modeled using a periodic sinusoidal function. The exact analytical solutions to Maxwell's equations are obtained, and the field solutions and wave behavior confirm the expected properties of a lossy graded multilayered dielectric medium inside a hollow circular waveguide. Thereafter, through a numerical study performed using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics, we show that the analytical and numerical results are in perfect agreement. The analytical model applies to any combination of the material parameters relevant to the graded multilayered dielectric medium. The significance of the proposed method is that it can be utilized for analytically studying wave propagation and wave phenomena in a variety of media with characteristics including, but not limited to, periodicity, grading, negative refraction, and spatial- and frequency dependence. The validity is not restricted to any given frequency regime, therefore, allowing the proposed method to be useful for different types of applications, such as super-resolution imaging, electromagnetic cloaking, sub-wavelength focusing, and microwave absorbers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
EDP Sciences , 2025. Vol. 12, article id 1
Keywords [en]
Dielectric, Graded, Multilayered, Periodic, TE mode, Waveguide
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369019DOI: 10.1051/epjam/2025001ISI: 001527920400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105011271705OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-369019DiVA, id: diva2:1994311
Note

QC 20250902

Available from: 2025-09-02 Created: 2025-09-02 Last updated: 2025-11-24Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Analytical and numerical studies of wave propagation in waveguides filled with graded metamaterial structures
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analytical and numerical studies of wave propagation in waveguides filled with graded metamaterial structures
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis investigates wave propagation in waveguides with different cross-sectional geometries, filled with graded metamaterial structures. The growing interest in graded metamaterials in electromagnetic applications and models is motivated by their realism, mathematical simplicity, and versatility, compared to the conventional materials that are in use today. The majority of the research community resorts to the use of numerical implementations and solvers for obtaining a solution for the field distribution and propagation characteristics. However, these methods do not provide explicit physical insight into the connection between the steepness of the graded-index profiles and their respective field solutions. Thus, the motivation for the research in this thesis is to focus on analytically solving the wave equation for several graded-index profiles to gain physical insight into the field solutions and what phenomena may be predicted from these results.

The research in this thesis focuses on the graded impedance-matched RHM-LHM profile, which is a composite material involving an impedance-matched transition from a right-handed material to a left-handed material. The profile possesses a variable transition steepness of the relative material parameter values and dispersive characteristics. These variable properties act as degrees of freedom, thereby introducing a high degree of modeling flexibility and allowing for the study of wave propagation under more general conditions. Both non-periodic and periodic impedance-matched RHM-LHM transition profiles have been theoretically studied here using analytical functions. It is of interest to study these RHM-LHM composite materials, as the interaction between a regular material and a metamaterial may lead to newly discovered phenomena, novel analytical expressions of electromagnetic fields, and provide a deeper understanding of the underlying principles at the interface between such media.

The solution method is based on describing these graded metamaterial structures by their relative permittivity and permeability functions, where either one or both of these properties have a graded transition profile. The wave equation for each metamaterial structure is derived using Maxwell's equations and solved using the boundary conditions imposed by the waveguide geometry. The field distribution and propagation characteristics for a given electromagnetic mode are analytically expressed and visualized using the numerical software tool MATLAB. Furthermore, numerical results are obtained using the numerical software tool COMSOL Multiphysics, which are then compared with the analytical results to validate the analytical expressions derived from the wave equation.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling undersöker vågutbredning i vågledare med olika tvärsnitts-geometrier, som är fyllda med graderade metamaterialstrukturer. Det växande intresset för graderade metamaterial i elektromagnetiska tillämpningar motiveras av deras realism, matematiska enkelhet och mångsidighet, jämfört med de konventionella material som används idag. Majoriteten av forskningen inom området använder sig av numeriska implementeringar och lösare för att erhålla en lösning för fältfördelnings- och utbredningsegenskaperna. Dessa metoder ger dock inte explicit fysikalisk insikt i sambandet mellan de graderade materialprofilerna och deras respektive fältlösningar. Motivationen bakom denna forskning är därför att fokusera på att analytiskt lösa vågekvationen för realistiska graderade indexprofiler, för att få ökad fysikalisk insikt i fältlösningarna, samt vilka fenomen som kan förutsägas utifrån dessa resultat.

Forskningen fokuserar på den graderade impedansmatchade RHM-LHM-profilen, vilket är ett kompositmaterial som involverar en impedansmatchad övergång från ett högerhänt material till ett vänsterhänt material. Profilen har en variabel branthet i övergången av de relativa materialparametrarna och dispersiva egenskaper. Dessa variabla egenskaper fungerar som frihetsgrader, vilket introducerar en hög grad av modelleringsflexibilitet och möjliggör studier av vågutbredning och fältfördelningar under mer generella förhållanden. Både icke-periodiska och periodiska impedansmatchade RHM-LHM-övergångsprofiler har här teoretiskt studerats med hjälp av analytiska funktioner. Det är av intresse att studera RHM-LHM kompositmaterial eftersom interaktionen mellan ett konventionellt material och ett metamaterial kan leda till nyupptäckta fenomen, nya analytiska uttryck för de elektromagnetiska fälten, och bidra till en djupare förståelse av de underliggande principerna för ett gränssnitt mellan sådana medier.

Arbetet går ut på att beskriva dessa graderade metamaterialstrukturer utifrån deras relativa permittivitets- och permeabilitetsfunktioner, där antingen en eller båda dessa egenskaper har en graderad övergångsprofil. Vågekvationen för varje metamaterialstruktur härleds med hjälp av Maxwells ekvationer och löses med hjälp av de randvillkor som vågledargeometrin ställer. Fältfördelnings- och utbredningsegenskaperna för en given elektromagnetisk mod uttrycks analytiskt och visualiseras med hjälp av det numeriska programvaruverktyget MATLAB. Vidare erhålls numeriska resultat med hjälp av det numeriska programvaruverktyget COMSOL Multiphysics, vilka sedan jämförs med de analytiska resultaten för att validera de analytiska uttryck som härletts från vågekvationen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 57
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:109
Keywords
graded-index profile, impedance matching, left-handed material (LHM), metamaterial, waveguide theory, graderad materialprofil, impedansmatchning, vänsterhänta material (LHM), metamaterial, vågledarteori
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-373231 (URN)978-91-8106-480-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-12-18, H1, Teknikringen 33, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-05001KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Note

QC 20251124

Available from: 2025-11-24 Created: 2025-11-24 Last updated: 2025-11-25Bibliographically approved

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Rana, BalwanDalarsson, Mariana

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