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Spider Silk Nanostructuring and its Applications for Tissue Engineering
KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Intelligenta system, Mikro- och nanosystemteknik.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-8925-2815
2021 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

This thesis introduces new ways to produce micro-and nanostructures of recombinant spider silk and explores ways to characterize their topography, mechanical properties, cell compatibility, and permeability. The suitability of the formed structures for applications within tissue engineering, primarily in vitro tissue modeling, is also investigated.

One big challenge in drug development is that many drug candidates fail to pass in vivo studies in humans. This is largely because the currently used animal models fail to emulate the full human condition. Therefore, researchers aim to develop in vitro models of various tissues using human cells. These new systems will allow studies of biological responses and mechanisms related to human health and disease. To accurately represent what happens in the body, the materials used for cell culture should as closely as possible mimic their in vivo counterparts. Many of the materials used today are made out of plastic and lack physiologically relevant properties, and do not replicate the micro-and nano dimensions present in the native cell environment.

Spider silk has been suggested as a suitable replacement material for cell culture. The usage of spider silk for medical purposes is not new; it was used already in ancient Greece and Rome to staunch wounds. However, the spider's limited production has haltered the applicability. Lately, new doors have opened up through recombinant production of the base constituent of silk: the spider silk protein (spidroin). Recombinant spidroin production is not only scalable but also allows for facile integration of additional biofunctionality. With this building material at hand, it is possible to produce other formats than spider silk fibers, i.e., coatings, films, membranes, hydrogels, porous scaffolds, and microparticles. 

With the work presented in this thesis, the list is extended through the introduction of new methods to produce nanomembranes and uniformly shaped micro-and nanostructures by manipulating the liquid:air interface. Micropatterned mm-sized films, microfilms, nanochains, and nanowires were produced by manipulating a droplet of soluble spidroin solution on a superhydrophobic surface. Alterations in the concentration of spidroins, the motion of the droplet, and the dimensions of the pillars allow for precise control of the silk formation. The formed silk structures retained their shape upon release from the surface, and the culture of mammalian cells showed good compatibility with the silk structures. Nanofibrillar spider silk membranes mimicking the dimensions of basal membranes  (280 nm thick) were formed by letting spidroins self-assemble at the liquid:air interface of a standing solution. The assembly time, initial spidroin concentration, and beaker size are directly related to the membrane's thickness and size. The thereby obtained membranes were stable, had an internal nanofibrillar structure, could stretch over 200%, and were permeable to human plasma proteins. An in vitro blood vessel model was established by growing human endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells on opposing sides of the membrane, showing the potential of using the membranes for further in vitro modeling

Abstract [sv]

Den här avhandling introducerar nya sätt att producera mikro- och nanostrukturer av rekombinant spindelsilke och utforskar sätt att karakterisera deras topografi, mekaniska egenskaper, cellkompatibilitet och permeabilitet. Lämpligheten hos de formade strukturerna för applikationer inom vävnadsteknik, främst för in vitro vävnadsmodellering, undersöks också.

En stor utmaning i läkemedelsutveckling är att många kandidater inte uppvisar önskad effekt i in vivo studier i människor. Detta beror till stor del på att de djurmodeller som används i den primära utvärderingen inte efterliknar den mänskliga kroppen tillräckligt bra.  På grund av detta har forskare börjat utveckla metoder för att använda mänskliga celler i in vitro modeller av olika vävnader. Dessa nya system öppnar upp för möjligheten att studera biologiska reaktioner och mekanismer relaterade till människors hälsa. För att korrekt kunna modellera vad som händer i kroppen bör materialen som används för cellodling så nära som möjligt efterlikna deras motsvarigheter in vivo. Många av de material som används idag är gjorda av plast, saknar fysiologiskt relevanta egenskaper och replikerar inte de mikro- och nanodimensioner som finns i cellmiljön i kroppen.

Spindelsilke har föreslagits som ett lämpligt material för cellodling. Användningen av spindelsilke för medicinska ändamål är inte ny, utan det användes redan i det antika Grekland och Rom för att stoppa blödningar. Användbarheten begränsas dock av att spindlar enbart producerar en liten mängd silke. På senare tid har nya dörrar öppnats genom rekombinant produktion av baskomponenten i silket: spindelsilksproteiner (spidroiner). Rekombinant produktion as spidroiner är inte bara skalbar utan möjliggör också enkel integration av biofunktionalitet. Med byggmaterialet till hands är det även möjligt att producera fler format än enbart spindelsilkesfibrer, dvs. beläggningar, filmer, membran, hydrogeler, porösa strukturer och mikropartiklar.

Arbetet som presenteras i den här avhandlingen fyller på listan genom att introducera nya metoder för att producera nanomembran och enhetligt formade mikro- och nanostrukturer genom att manipulera vätske:luftgränssnittet. Mikromönstrade mm-filmer, mikrofilmer, nanokedjor och nanotrådar producerades genom att manipulera en droppe spidroinlösning på en superhydrofob yta. Förändringar i spidroinernas koncentrationen, droppens rörelse och dimensionerna på pelarna möjliggör exakt kontroll av silkeformationen. De formade silkestrukturerna behöll sin form efter frisättning från ytan, och odlingen av mänskliga celler visade god kompatibilitet med silkesstrukturerna. 280 nm tjocka nanofibrillära spindelsilkesmembran, som imiterar dimensionerna hos basala membran, bildades genom att låta spidroiner självinteragera vid vätske:luftgränssnittet i en stillastående lösning. Tid, initial spidroinkoncentration och bägardimensioner är direkt relaterade till membranets tjocklek och storlek. Nanomembranen formade via denna metod var stabila, kunde sträcks över 200% och var permeabla för mänskliga plasmaproteiner. En in vitro-blodkärlsmodell upprättades genom att växa humana endotelceller och glatta muskelceller på motsatta sidor av membranet, vilket påvisar potentialen att använda membranen för vidare in vitro modellering.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2021.
Serie
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2021:15
Emneord [en]
recombinant spider silk, nanostructures, microstrucutres, nanowires, nanochains, nanodisks, nanomembranes, tissue engineering, in-vitro models, medical technology, health technology, nanomedicine
Emneord [sv]
rekombinant spindelsilke, nanostrukturer, mikrostrukturer, nanotrådar, nanokedjor, nanodiskar, nanomembran, vävnadsteknik, in vitro-modeller, medicinsk teknik, hälsoteknik, nanomedicin
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Elektro- och systemteknik
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290887ISBN: 978-91-7873-790-1 (tryckt)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-290887DiVA, id: diva2:1532392
Disputas
2021-03-26, Q2, 13:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Merknad

QC 20210309

Tilgjengelig fra: 2021-03-09 Laget: 2021-03-01 Sist oppdatert: 2025-02-20bibliografisk kontrollert
Delarbeid
1. Structuring of Functional Spider Silk Wires, Coatings, and Sheets by Self-Assembly on Superhydrophobic Pillar Surfaces
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Structuring of Functional Spider Silk Wires, Coatings, and Sheets by Self-Assembly on Superhydrophobic Pillar Surfaces
2018 (engelsk)Inngår i: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 30, nr 3, artikkel-id 1704325Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Spider silk has recently become a material of high interest for a large number of biomedical applications. Previous work on structuring of silk has resulted in particles (0D), fibers (1D), films (2D), and foams, gels, capsules, or microspheres (3D). However, the manufacturing process of these structures is complex and involves posttreatment of chemicals unsuitable for biological applications. In this work, the self-assembly of recombinant spider silk on micropatterned superhydrophobic surfaces is studied. For the first time, structuring of recombinant spider silk is achieved using superhydrophobic surfaces under conditions that retain the bioactivity of the functionalized silk. By tuning the superhydrophobic surface geometry and the silk solution handling parameters, this approach allows controlled generation of silk coatings, nanowires, and sheets. The underlying mechanisms and governing parameters are discussed. It is believed that the results of this work pave the way for fabrication of silk formations for applications including vehicles for drug delivery, optical sensing, antimicrobial coatings, and cell culture scaffolds.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
John Wiley & Sons, 2018
Emneord
spider silk, superhydrophobic, nanowires, coating, self-assembly, patterning
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-219393 (URN)10.1002/adma.201704325 (DOI)000429097600018 ()29205540 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85037617442 (Scopus ID)
Forskningsfinansiär
Swedish Research Council, 621-2014-6200
Merknad

QC 20171212

Tilgjengelig fra: 2017-12-05 Laget: 2017-12-05 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-15bibliografisk kontrollert
2. Formation of a thin-walled Spider Silk Tube on a Micromachined Scaffold
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Formation of a thin-walled Spider Silk Tube on a Micromachined Scaffold
Vise andre…
2018 (engelsk)Inngår i: Proceeding of 2018 IEEE 31st International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2018, Vol. 2018, s. 83-85Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
Abstract [en]

This paper reports on the first formation of a thin bio-functionalized spider silk tube, supported by an internal micromachined scaffold, in which both the inside and outside of the tube wall are freely accessible. The silk tube could potentially be used as an artificial blood vessel in an in vitro tissue scaffold, where endothelial cells and tissue cells can grow on both sides of the silk tube.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2018
Serie
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), ISSN 1084-6999
Emneord
spider silk, tissue engineering, artificial blood vessel
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-225863 (URN)10.1109/MEMSYS.2018.8346488 (DOI)000434960900023 ()2-s2.0-85047021023 (Scopus ID)9781538647820 (ISBN)
Konferanse
31st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2018, Belfast, United Kingdom, 21 January 2018 through 25 January 2018
Forskningsfinansiär
EU, Horizon 2020, 675412Swedish Research Council, 621-2014-6200
Merknad

QC 20180515

Tilgjengelig fra: 2018-04-10 Laget: 2018-04-10 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-15bibliografisk kontrollert
3. Recombinant Spider Silk Forms Tough and Elastic Nanomembranes that are Protein‐Permeable and Support Cell Attachment and Growth
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Recombinant Spider Silk Forms Tough and Elastic Nanomembranes that are Protein‐Permeable and Support Cell Attachment and Growth
Vise andre…
2020 (engelsk)Inngår i: Advanced Functional Materials, ISSN 1616-301X, E-ISSN 1616-3028, Vol. 30, nr 40, s. 2002982-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Biologically compatible membranes are of high interest for several biological and medical applications. Tissue engineering, for example, would greatly benefit from ultrathin, yet easy‐to‐handle, biodegradable membranes that are permeable to proteins and support cell growth. In this work, nanomembranes are formed by self‐assembly of a recombinant spider silk protein into a nanofibrillar network at the interface of a standing aqueous solution. The membranes are cm‐sized, free‐standing, bioactive and as thin as 250 nm. Despite their nanoscale thickness, the membranes feature an ultimate engineering strain of over 220% and a toughness of 5.2 MPa. Moreover, they are permeable to human blood plasma proteins and promote cell adherence and proliferation. Human keratinocytes seeded on either side of the membrane form a confluent monolayer within three days. The significance of these results lays in the unique combination of nanoscale thickness, elasticity, toughness, biodegradability, protein permeability and support for cell growth, as this may enable new applications in tissue engineering including bi‐layered in vitro tissue models and support for clinical transplantation of coherent cell layers.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Stockholm: Wiley, 2020
Emneord
recombinant spider silk, nanomembranes, elasticity, permeability, tissue engineering
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279149 (URN)10.1002/adfm.202002982 (DOI)000561188100001 ()2-s2.0-85089445780 (Scopus ID)
Merknad

QC 20200819

Tilgjengelig fra: 2020-08-17 Laget: 2020-08-17 Sist oppdatert: 2026-03-17bibliografisk kontrollert
4. Fibrillar nanomembranes of recombinant spider silk protein support cell co-culture in an in vitro blood vessel wall model
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Fibrillar nanomembranes of recombinant spider silk protein support cell co-culture in an in vitro blood vessel wall model
(engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
Emneord
basement membrane, cell co-culture, nanomembrane, recombinant spider silk, tissue engineering, vessel wall
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291109 (URN)
Merknad

QC 20210302

Tilgjengelig fra: 2021-03-01 Laget: 2021-03-01 Sist oppdatert: 2022-06-25bibliografisk kontrollert
5. Scalable Synthesis of Monodisperse Bioactive Spider Silk Nanostrucutres
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Scalable Synthesis of Monodisperse Bioactive Spider Silk Nanostrucutres
Vise andre…
(engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291110 (URN)
Merknad

QC 20210302

Tilgjengelig fra: 2021-03-01 Laget: 2021-03-01 Sist oppdatert: 2026-03-17bibliografisk kontrollert

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