The global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are now converging to address the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Bioenergy can play a significant role in achieving the agreed SDGs on climate change, thereby advancing climate goals, food security, better land use, and sustainable energy for all. Bioenergy is essential in the past, present and future energy systems. At least 10% of global energy supply comes from bioenergy source, of which two-thirds is used in developing countries for cooking and heating. Compared to other renewable energy sources, bioenergy is the most problematic area due the multitude of biomass feedstock, technology pathways, and end products which encompass the biomass to energy conversion. The use of biomass for bioenergy is expected to increase driven by several SDGs (goals: 2, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15), but bioenergy also act as sustainability safeguards. By exploring bioenergy in a context of multi-sectoral objectives and synergies, pathways can be found to promote the transition to sustainable modern bioenergy. This paper explores pathways to enhance resource efficiency, particularly for bioenergy production in the palm oil industry in Indonesia for meeting the SDGs.