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On the in-plane mechanical properties of birch plywood
KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Byggvetenskap, Byggnadsmaterial.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-6698-3770
2022 (engelsk)Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Birch plywood has favorable mechanical properties that could be used in new types of connections for timber structures, and thus enable a substitution of the current system with steel plates. Such new connections could result in significant advantages in terms of environmental impact and economy as well as ease of prefabrication and mountability. However, there is a lack of data concerning some of the mechanical properties of birch plywood that would be necessary in order to perform a safe design. In particular, there is a lack of reliable data and understanding of the mechanical properties of birch plywood in directions other than along and perpendicular to the face grain. The aim of this thesis is to gain new knowledge about this anisotropy and to study the variation of the in-plane mechanical properties of birch plywood at different loading angles to the face grain, including effects of size and moisture changes. The goal is that this knowledge will serve as input for the design of birch plywood connections under various loading conditions in timber structures. Specifically, birch plywood specimens were laboratory tested in in-plane tension, compression, shear and bending. The results show that birch plywood possesses the highest tensile, compressive and bending strength and elastic modulus parallel to the face grain and the lowest ones at 45° to the face grain. The opposite findings were noticed for the shear strength and the shear modulus. Moreover, a size effect on the in-plane bending strength property was observed at 0° (parallel) and 90° (perpendicular) to the face grain but not at other angles, which is attributed to the different failure mechanisms. In addition, the increase of moisture leads to the decreased bending strength and elastic modulus in the hygroscopic range. Validated by the experimental work, both analytical and numerical models to predict the mechanical performance of birch plywood under different load conditions and various moisture contents are proposed.

Abstract [sv]

Björkplywood har gynnsamma mekaniska egenskaper som skulle kunna användas i nya typer av knutpunkter (förband) för träkonstruktioner, och därmed möjliggöra en substituering av dagens system med stålplåtar. Sådana nya knutpunkter kan innebära avsevärda fördelar när det gäller miljöpåverkan och ekonomi samt en enkel prefabricering och monterbarhet. Det saknas dock data när det gäller vissa mekaniska egenskaper hos björkplywood som är nödvändiga för att kunna utföra en säker design. I synnerhet saknas tillförlitliga data och förståelse kring de mekaniska egenskaperna hos björkplywood i andra riktningar än längs och tvärs dess ytfanér. Syftet med denna avhandling är att ta fram ny kunskap om denna anisotropi och studera variationen av de mekaniska egenskaperna hos björkplywood i dess plan vid olika belastningsvinklar mot ytfanérets fiberriktning, inklusive effekter av storlek och fuktförändringar. Målet är att denna kunskap ska fungera som input för design av björkplywood-förband under olika belastningsförhållanden i träkonstruktioner. Specifikt testades prover av björkplywood i dess plan i drag, tryck, skjuvning och böjning. Resultaten visar att björkplywood har den högsta drag-, tryck- och böjhållfastheten och elasticitetsmodulen parallellt med ytfanérets fiberriktning och den lägsta vid 45° mot densamma. Det motsatta gäller för skjuvhållfasthet och -modul. Dessutom observerades en storlekseffekt avseende böjhållfastheten vid 0° (parallell) och 90° (vinkelrätt) mot ytfanérets fiberriktning men inte vid andra vinklar, vilket förklaras genom de olika brottmekanismerna. Dessutom leder ökningen av fukt till minskad böjhållfasthet och elasticitetsmodul i det hygroskopiska området. Validerat av det experimentella arbetet föreslås både analytiska och numeriska modeller för att förutsäga den mekaniska prestandan hos björkplywood under olika belastningsförhållanden och olika fuktkvoter.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. , s. 41
Serie
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2247
Emneord [en]
Birch plywood, in-plane mechanical properties, load-to-face grain angle, failure criteria, size effect, moisture
Emneord [sv]
Björkplywood, mekaniska egenskaper i planet, belastningsvinkel relativt ytfaneren, brott kriterier, storlekseffekt, fukt
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Byggvetenskap, Byggnadsmaterial
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-321461ISBN: 978-91-8040-431-0 (tryckt)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-321461DiVA, id: diva2:1711342
Presentation
2022-12-15, M108, Brinellvägen 23, KTH Campus, videolänk [SAKNAS], Stockholm, 10:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Merknad

QC 20221117

Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-11-17 Laget: 2022-11-16 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-07bibliografisk kontrollert
Delarbeid
1. In-plane mechanical properties of birch plywood
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>In-plane mechanical properties of birch plywood
2022 (engelsk)Inngår i: Construction and Building Materials, ISSN 0950-0618, E-ISSN 1879-0526, Vol. 340, artikkel-id 127852Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

There is an increasing demand for engineered wood products in modern structures. Birch plywood is promising in structural applications, due to the combined advantages of its superior mechanical properties and the cross lamination configuration. However, the off-axis mechanical properties of birch plywood have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this paper is to establish a comprehensive experimental dataset that could serve as the input in the analytical or numerical models to design birch plywood under various load conditions. Specifically, tensile, compressive and shear tests were conducted under five different angles to the face grain, i.e., from 0 degrees (parallel) to 90 degrees (perpendicular) to the face grain, with an interval of 22.5 degrees. The stress-strain relationships, failure modes, strength and elastic properties of birch plywood are highly dependent on the load-to-face-grain angle. The strength and the elastic properties are also predicted by various analytical and empirical models. Parametric analyses are performed to study the influence of the interaction coefficient F-12 in Tsai-Wu failure criterion and the Poisson's ratio v(xy) in the transformation model on the predicted strength and modulus respectively. Lastly, the possibilities of predicting the on-axis shear modulus based on the off-axis uniaxial tests are discussed in this paper.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Elsevier BV, 2022
Emneord
Birch plywood, Mechanical properties, Load-to-face-grain angle, Failure criteria, Analytical models
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-316024 (URN)10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127852 (DOI)000829923300002 ()2-s2.0-85130880201 (Scopus ID)
Merknad

QC 20220809

Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-08-09 Laget: 2022-08-09 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-12bibliografisk kontrollert
2. Influence of face grain angle, size, and moisture content on the edgewise bending strength and stiffness of birch plywood
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Influence of face grain angle, size, and moisture content on the edgewise bending strength and stiffness of birch plywood
2022 (engelsk)Inngår i: Materials & design, ISSN 0264-1275, E-ISSN 1873-4197, Vol. 223, s. 111227-, artikkel-id 111227Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Birch plywood exhibits outstanding mechanical properties with regards to tensile, compressive, and shear behaviors, making this engineered wood product promising in timber connection applications. However, the edgewise bending strength and stiffness, which are often critical for the design of gusset plates, have not been investigated thoroughly. Moreover, in engineering applications, the size and moisture content of the plywood plate are in general very different from those adopted in laboratory testing according to current standards. This paper aims to investigate the influence of face grain angle, size, and moisture content on the edgewise bending strength and stiffness of birch plywood. In total, 288 birch plywood specimens were tested in three-point bending at five different face grain angles to the beam longitudinal axis (from 0 degrees (parallel) to 90 degrees (perpendicular), with an angle step of 22.5 degrees), with four different sizes (with the nominal depth of 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm) and three different moisture contents (7.2 %, 11.9 %, and 21.8 %). Analytical and numerical models, both taking non-linear elasto-plastic compressive behaviors into account, were developed for the prediction of the ultimate moment capacity based on different failure definitions. Lastly, the relationships between the bending strength and elastic modulus were analyzed.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Elsevier BV, 2022
Emneord
Birch plywood, Edgewise bending, Face grain angle, Size effect, Property -moisture relationships
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-321008 (URN)10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111227 (DOI)000868979400002 ()2-s2.0-85139590700 (Scopus ID)
Merknad

QC 20221104

Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-11-04 Laget: 2022-11-04 Sist oppdatert: 2024-03-12bibliografisk kontrollert

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