STEM education in Sweden exists for students from their initial engagement with compulsory education at the age of 6 and is mandatory and cohesive for all students until they enter upper secondary level. The importance of STEM education is highlighted through the impact of STEM on the Swedish economy and can be further seen through government investment in STEM-related research activity. The aim of this chapter is to contextualize STEM education in the Swedish pre-college education system, and to discuss associated trends and issues which have emerged. The chapter includes an overview of the Swedish education system, noting when and where students make decisions on what they will study. This is followed by a description of some of the available STEM-related activities for students which complement their formal education. Next, trends in how Sweden has performed in related international assessments (PISA and TIMSS) are presented with a breakdown of student post-secondary education employment and further study demographics. The chapter concludes with commentary on current STEM education reform, and a presentation of some of the current trends and issues facing STEM education in Sweden which predominantly relate to a teacher supply shortage, gender differences in performance and STEM uptake, and the refinement and updating of STEM education provision in response to societal needs.