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Flooding in the urban fringes: Analysis of flood inundation and hazard levels within the informal settlement of Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya
Department of Geoscience and Environment, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Integrated Water Resource Management, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Geoscience and Environment, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
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2023 (engelsk)Inngår i: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, ISSN 1474-7065, E-ISSN 1873-5193, Vol. 132, s. 103499-, artikkel-id 103499Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Overlapping conditions of rapid urbanisation and climate change across developing countries are threatening the capacity of cities to manage climate risks, especially in the flood-exposed low-income peripheral areas. Limited studies have applied hydrodynamic flood models in ascertaining flooding conditions, supportive of risk-informed decisions in such urban fringes. Against this backdrop, we assessed plausible flooding and hazard conditions in the low-lying villages of Lindi and Silanga in Kibera informal settlement. The coupled one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, customised from the Hydrological Engineering Centre's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) was parameterised for flood simulation under different hydrological regimes and scenarios associated with flooding in Kibera. Volumetric flow estimates and a computed energy slope were used to define the upstream and downstream modelling boundary conditions respectively. Trial-and-error adjustment of the flow resistance coefficients from land-use features was applied in model calibration, and the results compared to the surveyed flood of 23rd April 2019. Results show that proximal areas to the Ngong River and Nairobi dam face high flood risks. A flood volume of 11.7×105m3 from a 2.5h, 50 mm rainfall could potentially inundate about 2.0% and 8.3% of areas in Lindi and Silanga respectively, while a volume of 48.9×105m3 from a 100-year storm of 172 mm could inundate about 10.6% of Lindi and 29.1% of Silanga. Upstream steeply sloping topographies of the villages increase flood velocities and risk of drowning, while the lower reaches at relatively flatter topographies, experience attenuated flow and rapid accumulation of flood waters, hence, higher flood depths. These results can support policy interventions for integrated flood risk management in Kibera, as a way of mainstreaming the underserved urban communities in climate risk management.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Elsevier BV , 2023. Vol. 132, s. 103499-, artikkel-id 103499
Emneord [en]
Flood hazard assessment, Flood risk management, HEC-RAS model, Hydrodynamic flood modelling, Kibera settlement, Urban fringes
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Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-339725DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2023.103499ISI: 001110673100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85175545537OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-339725DiVA, id: diva2:1812490
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QC 20231116

Tilgjengelig fra: 2023-11-16 Laget: 2023-11-16 Sist oppdatert: 2023-12-22bibliografisk kontrollert

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