Efficient use of solar energy can effectively alleviate the problem of energy shortages. Currently, extensive researches have been carried out on photothermal conversion materials. However, factors such as photothermal conversion and thermal conductivity limit the practical implementation of photothermal materials. In this research, a novel flexible composite phase change material (CPCM) with melamine foam (MF) as the supporting skeleton, carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polydopamine (PDA) as the light-absorbing coating and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the energy storage material was successfully prepared. The results show that the MF-based CPCMs have good shape stability with a leakage of only 0.9 %, and high phase change enthalpies, the melting enthalpy was above 172.0 J/g. In addition, the thermal conductivity was improved due to the introduction of light-absorbing coatings into the CPCMs. Compared with MF/PEG, MWCNT/MF/PEG, and PDA/MF/PEG, MWCNT/PDA/MF/PEG were improved by 35.21 %, 8.6 % and 29.46 %, respectively. Finally, the average charging efficiency of MWCNT/PDA/MF/PEG is 96.26 %, which is 62.33 % and 20.1 % higher than that of MWCNT/MF/PEG and PDA/MF/PEG respectively, indicating that MWCNT and PDA nanofillers played a synergistic role in enhancing the performance of CPCMs. This study provides new and innovative ways for the design of photothermal materials.