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Regularizing and Interpreting Vision Transformers by Patch Selection on Echocardiography Data
KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Genteknologi.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-3181-3800
KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Intelligenta system, Robotik, perception och lärande, RPL.ORCID-id: 0000-0001-5211-6388
2024 (engelsk)Inngår i: CONFERENCE ON HEALTH, INFERENCE, AND LEARNING / [ed] Pollard, T Choi, E Singhal, P Hughes, M Sizikova, E Mortazavi, B Chen, I Wang, F Sarker, T McDermott, M Ghassemi, M, The Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR) , 2024, Vol. 248, s. 155-168Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
Abstract [en]

This work introduces a novel approach to model regularization and explanation in Vision Transformers (ViTs), particularly beneficial for small-scale but high-dimensional data regimes, such as in healthcare. We introduce stochastic embedded feature selection in the context of echocardiography video analysis, specifically focusing on the EchoNet-Dynamic dataset for the prediction of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF). Our proposed method, termed Gumbel Video Vision-Transformers (G-ViTs), augments Video Vision-Transformers (V-ViTs), a performant transformer architecture for videos with Concrete Autoencoders (CAEs), a common dataset-level feature selection technique, to enhance V-ViT's generalization and interpretability. The key contribution lies in the incorporation of stochastic token selection individually for each video frame during training. Such token selection regularizes the training of V-ViT, improves its interpretability, and is achieved by differentiable sampling of categoricals using the Gumbel-Softmax distribution. Our experiments on EchoNet-Dynamic demonstrate a consistent and notable regularization effect. The G-ViT model outperforms both a random selection baseline and standard V-ViT. The G-ViT is also compared against recent works on EchoNet-Dynamic where it exhibits state-of-the-art performance among end-to-end learned methods. Finally, we explore model explainability by visualizing selected patches, providing insights into how the G-ViT utilizes regions known to be crucial for LVEF prediction for humans. This proposed approach, therefore, extends beyond regularization, offering enhanced interpretability for ViTs.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
The Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR) , 2024. Vol. 248, s. 155-168
Serie
Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, ISSN 2640-3498
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-357514ISI: 001347132700011OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-357514DiVA, id: diva2:1919587
Konferanse
5th Annual Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (CHIL), JUN 27-28, 2024, New York, NY
Merknad

QC 20241209

Tilgjengelig fra: 2024-12-09 Laget: 2024-12-09 Sist oppdatert: 2025-02-07bibliografisk kontrollert

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Nilsson, AlfredAzizpour, Hossein

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