Arabinoxylan (AX) is a potential health-promoting fiber ingredient that could be used to improve nutritional properties of bread, but is also known to affect bread and dough quality. To identify the role of feruloylation and hydrolysis of wheat bran AX on bread quality and shelf-life, hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed AX with low and high ferulic acid content were incorporated into wheat bread. Water absorption, visual appearance, specific volume, and crumb structure were evaluated in fresh bread, and texture and moisture content over 14 days of storage. Feruloylated and unhydrolyzed AX breads underwent less moisture loss during storage but none of the AX fractions retarded crumb hardening. Feruloylated and hydrolyzed AX breads were comparable to control bread even at the highest addition level (5%) in terms of volume and crumb structure. The higher quality of these breads was associated with ferulic acid content and lower molar mass based on multivariate analysis. Based on our work, knowledge on specific AX structure can facilitate the use of increased AX levels in breadmaking.