This study makes use of a unique micro-database on research performed at the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) radar system to provide some new perspectives on interregional and international knowledge trade as regards theory, empirics and practice. More broadly, the study examines the economic and societal importance of EISCAT in a spatial context from the perspective of inter-regional trade of knowledge. The fundamental research question is whether the establishment of such scientific infrastructure leads to clustering of related activities in proximity to its location or whether they are spread world-wide independently of the location. We aim to illustrate this question with regard to how inter-regional trade in a research-based knowledge system is fashioned. This is also relevant considering the projected investment in a novel EISCAT system, and prior studies emphasizing that highly-skilled professionals are vital in the knowledge-driven economy, influencing the global dynamics of science-based industries and regions.