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Next Generation Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Systems: a Study exploring Design Implications
Heilbronn University.
Heilbronn University.
kbo Inn Salzach Hospital.
kbo Inn Salzach Hospital.
Show others and affiliations
2018 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) isbecoming increasingly established, but existing VR systemsare expensive and designed for researchers, not for routinepsychotherapeutic services. Therefore, the existing systems donot take the needs of the prospective users - psychotherapistsand patients - into account. The recent breakthrough inVR technology offers new opportunities for the design ofVRET-systems especially for outpatient settings. This projectexamined the current practice of exposure therapy. Therefore,we conducted an online-questionnaire (N=58 responses) as firstphase. In the second phase, we observed therapy sessions,reviewed literature and interviewed psychotherapists. Therefore,we could deduce implications to design state-of-the-art VRETsystems. In this paper, we focus on general implications that arenot system- or scenario-specific.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2018.
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244032OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-244032DiVA, id: diva2:1288631
Conference
9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems 2018
Note

QC 20190214

Available from: 2019-02-13 Created: 2019-02-13 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Supporting Patients and Therapists in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Supporting Patients and Therapists in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
2019 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

 This thesis explores challenges for the design of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) systems. Exposure therapy is the established method for treatment of anxiety disorders and is typically delivered in-vivo, i.e. exposure to phobic stimulus in real environments. Virtual reality (VR), instead, offers the potential to conduct exposure therapy at the clinic. This approach has several benefits in terms of efficiency, customization and control, amount of exposure, and as an transition phase to real situations. However, currently many systems are limited in scope and are designed for research purposes without informing the design from therapist's practices. 

My research aims to contribute towards the understanding of current practices in exposure therapy and investigates challenges for the design of these systems for the two main user groups, patients and therapists. Three different focus areas have been prevalent. First, we have studied therapist in real sessions to inform the design and development of VRET-systems. Second, we have evaluated two different VRET implementations supporting therapists to interact with patients. Third, on the patient's side, we have studied presence on healthy participants focusing on the influence of virtual bodies and patient movement in VR.

This thesis summarises and discusses these studies. Overall, the studies emphasize the complexity of exposure therapy and the need for individualized patient conditions. This poses multiple challenges for the design of VRET-systems such as, first, the systems must offer flexibility to the therapists to orchestrate individualized therapy. Second, the systems must enable rich therapists-patient interaction. Third, the complexity of individualization of scenarios and sessions must be addressed in the design of the therapist's interface. Fourth, for patients, body avatars influences presence differently depending on the scenario and locomotion is challenging as offices are typically small.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2019
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Human-computer Interaction
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244035 (URN)978-91-7873-096-4 (ISBN)
Presentation
2019-03-06, 1440, Lindstedsvägen 3, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20190214

Available from: 2019-02-14 Created: 2019-02-13 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved
2. Orchestrating Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Orchestrating Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Systems for Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) are shaping the future of therapy of anxiety disorders, especially at a time when we are seeing an increase in virtual meetings in almost every context in life. Exposure therapy is an established therapy method in the treatment of anxiety disorders. In the context of exposure therapy, a rich set of tools are available for helping therapists conduct therapy tailored to a patient’s needs. Typically, the therapist guides the patient through a feared experience in a real context and/or with an object.

In-virtuo exposure has several benefits compared to in-vivo exposures, for example, the possibility of controlling the stimuli and context of the exposure. To be able to conduct in-virtuo exposure, therapists need effective, versatile, and usable VRET systems.

My research aims to investigate the use of virtual reality in exposure therapy in order to explore, identify and propose how the design of VRET systems can be improved to better support in-virtuo exposure therapy in therapeutic practice outside of research. Many VRET systems are designed and built explicitly for research settings and purposes. Therefore, the systems do not fulfill needs for real therapeutic practice where most patients are being treated.

Four strands of research emerged in this thesis work. First, the understanding of the full therapy process beyond the exposure sessions, where VRET systems have the potential to be used beyond exposures. Second, I see therapists playing a critical role during the therapy process, which should be reflected in the design. Third, emerging from the central role of therapists, I studied VRET systems that empower therapists to prepare and orchestrate exposure sessions. Fourth, I examined the role of designers and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) in creating these systems, which I see as important and underrepresented. 

Unlike other research, my work is mainly therapist-oriented with emphasis on the potential needs in therapeutic practice, which led to conclusions regarding further possible applications and implications for the design of VRET systems. By investigating different aspects of exposure therapy, my work has resulted in a new view on VRET systems.

Abstract [sv]

Exponeringsterapi men hjälp av system baserade på virtuell verklighet (VRET) kan vara en viktig komponent i framtidens terapi av ångestsyndrom. Inom den etablera metoden exponeringsterapi finns en rik uppsättning verktyg tillgängliga för att hjälpa terapeuter att skräddarsy terapi efter en patients behov. Typiskt vägleder terapeuten patienten genom en fruktad upplevelse i ett verkligt sammanhang. Det handlar ofta om att patienten har problem i olika miljöer eller situationer.

Virtuell exponering har flera fördelar jämfört med så kallad in-vivo exponering, till exempel genom att det möjliggör att kontrollera stimuli och sammanhang, men också att det kan genomföras på klinik. Men för att faktiskt kunna bedriva virtuell exponering behöver terapeuter effektiva, mångsidiga och användbara virtuella exponeringsbehandlingssystem.

Under mina studier har jag mött terapeuter som uttryckte oro angående den upplevda användbarheten av virtuella exponeringsbehandlingssystem. Trots dessa fahågor tyder mina resultat på att terapeuter har en övergripande positiv inställning till virtuell exponeringsbehandling.

Min forskning syftar till att undersöka användningen av virtuell verklighet i exponeringsterapi för att utforska, identifiera och föreslå hur utformningen av virtuella exponeringsbehandlingssystem kan förbättras för att stödja användning i terapeutisk praktik. Många virtuella exponeringsbehandlingssystem är idag designade och byggda explicit för forskningssyften. Därför uppfyller inte dessa system de behov som faktiskt föreligger i terapeutisk praktik, där patienter behandlas.

Inom ramen för den här avhandlingen ser jag fyra olika bidrag. För det första har jag bidragit till ökad förståelsen för hur virtuella exponeringsbehandlingssystem kan behöva användas och designas för användning inom hela terapiprocessen. För det andra har jag belyst viktiga detaljer i terapeutens roll under terapiprocessen, vilket på olika sätt bör stödjas av systemet. För det tredje, med utgångspunkt från terapeuternas centrala roll, pekar jag på att terapeuten måste kunna förbereda och orkestrera exponeringssessioner. För det fjärde, pekar jag på designers och forskares (inom främst människa-datorinteraktion) viktiga roll i att skapa dessa system. Dessa roller och professioner är idag underrepresenterade in VRET området.

Till skillnad från annan VRET forskning är mitt arbete huvudsakligen terapeutorienterat med tonvikt på de potentiella behoven i terapeutisk praktik, vilket ledde till slutsatser kring tillämpningar och implikationer för design av virtuella exponeringsbehandlingssystem. Genom att undersöka olika aspekter av exponeringsterapi resulterade mitt arbete i en ny och bredare syn på virtuella exponeringsbehandlingssystem.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 92
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2022:35
Keywords
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, Virtual Reality, Human-Computer Interaction, Mental Health
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies
Research subject
Education and Communication in the Technological Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-312747 (URN)978-91-8040-236-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-06-13, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69325748282, U1, Brinellvägen 26, Stockholm, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20220524

Available from: 2022-05-24 Created: 2022-05-22 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved

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