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Impact of Linking Topology on the Properties of Carbazole-Based Hole-Transport Materials and their Application in Solid-State Mesoscopic Solar Cells
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Organic chemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6293-6742
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4424-1098
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
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2019 (English)In: Solar RRL, E-ISSN 2367-198X, Vol. 3, no 9, article id 1900196Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Carbazole is a promising core for the molecular design of hole-transport materials (HTMs) for solid-state mesoscopic solar cells (ssMSCs), such as solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its low cost and excellent optoelectronic properties of its derivatives. Although carbazole-based HTMs are intensely investigated in ssMSCs and promising device performance is demonstrated, the fundamental understanding of the impact of linking topology on the properties of carbazole-based HTMs is lacking. Herein, the effect of the linking topology on the optical and electronic properties of a series of carbazole-based HTMs with 2,7-substitution and 3,6-substitution is systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the 2,7-substituted carbazole-based HTMs display higher hole mobility and conductivity among this series of analogous molecules, thereby exhibiting better device performance. In addition, the conductivity of the HTMs is improved after light treatment, which explains the commonly observed light-soaking phenomenon of ssMSCs in general. All these carbazole-based HTMs are successfully applied in ssMSCs and one of the HTMs X50-based devices yield a promising efficiency of 6.8% and 19.2% in ssDSSCs and PSCs, respectively. This study provides guidance for the molecular design of effective carbazole-based HTMs for high-performance ssMSCs and related electronic devices.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 2019. Vol. 3, no 9, article id 1900196
Keywords [en]
hole-transport materials, carbazole, linking topology, mesoscopic solar cells, perovskite solar cells
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255742DOI: 10.1002/solr.201900196ISI: 000477425300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85083623758OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-255742DiVA, id: diva2:1342249
Note

QC 20190813. QC 20200502

Available from: 2019-08-13 Created: 2019-08-13 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Organic Hole-Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Organic Hole-Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Research on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has undergone dramatic development since the first cells were reported in 2009, and the past decade has witnessed a significant breakthrough on their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) from 3.8% to 25%. However, the large-scale industrialization of PSCs is still far from an easy task, due to the scarcity of high-performance and low-cost organic hole-transport materials (HTMs). Thus, the development of new generation HTMs is highly desired.

The studies in this thesis aim at developing novel, inexpensive and easily synthesizable organic HTMs for application in efficient PSCs. A series of HTMs from small molecules to polymers, from doped to dopant-free were designed, synthesized and tested, to further improve the stability and reduce the cost.

In Chapter 1 and Chapter 2, a brief introduction to PSCs, HTMs as well as the characterization methods used in this thesis are presented.

In Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, the design and synthesis of a series of carbazole- based and spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] (SFX)-based HTMs is described. For these HTMs, the influence of substitution position, linking topology, pendant group and molecular size on the optical and electronic properties was systematically investigated, as well as their performance in solar cells.

In Chapter 5, two small molecular HTMs based on extended SFX skeletons were introduced for the application in dopant-free PSCs. The effect of the extended conjugation core unit and molecular size on the electrochemical and optical properties, hole mobility, conductivity, molecular packing and PSC performance was studied in detail.

In Chapter 6, a crosslinked SFX-based polymer was designed and synthesized as an efficient, low-cost, dopant-free HTM for conventional n-i-p type PSCs. The photoelectrochemical, optoelectronic and thermal properties of the designed polymer and the photovoltaic performance of the devices are discussed.

Abstract [sv]

Forskning om perovskitsolceller (PSC:er) har genomgått en dramatisk utveckling sedan de första cellerna rapporterades 2009, och det senaste decenniet har sett ett betydande genombrott i deras effektomvandlingseffektivitet (PCE) från 3,8% till 25%. Den storskaliga industrialiseringen av PSC:er är emellertid fortfarande långt ifrån en enkel uppgift på grund av brist på högpresterande och billiga organiska håltransportmaterial (HTM). Därför är utvecklingen av nya generationer HTM önskvärt.

Studierna i denna avhandling syftar till att utveckla nya, billiga och lättsyntetiserbara organiska HTM:er för användning i effektiva PSC:er. En serie HTM:er från små molekyler till polymerer, från dopade till dopningsfria konstruerades, syntetiserades och testades för att ytterligare förbättra stabiliteten och minska kostnaderna.

I kapitel 1 och kapitel 2 presenteras en kort introduktion av PSC:er, HTM såväl som karakteriseringsmetoderna som används i denna avhandling.

I kapitel 3 och kapitel 4 rapporteras designen och syntesen av en serie karbazol-baserade och spiro[fluoren-9,9'-xanten] (SFX)-baserade HTM. Dessutom undersöktes systematiskt påverkan av substitutionsposition, koppling av topologi, hänggrupp och molekylstorlek på de optiska och elektroniska egenskaperna, liksom solcellsprestanda.

I kapitel 5 designades och syntetiserades två små molekylära HTM baserade på ett utökat SFX-skelett för användning på dopningsfria PSC:er. Effekten av den utökade konjugeringskärnenheten och molekylstorleken på de elektrokemiska och optiska egenskaperna, hålmobilitet, konduktivitet, molekylär packning, liksom tillämpningen i PSC:er studerades i detalj.

I kapitel 6 designades och syntetiserades en tvärbunden SFX-baserad polymer som en effektiv, lågkostnads dopningsfri HTM för konventionella PSC:er av ni-p-typ. De fotoelektrokemiska, optoelektroniska och termiska egenskaperna hos den utformade polymeren och fotovoltaiska prestandan diskuterades.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2020. p. 74
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2020:44
Keywords
Hole-transport material, Photovoltaic device, Perovskite solar cell, Dopant-free, Carbazole, Spiro[fluorene-9, 9'-xanthene], Small organic molecule, Crosslinked polymer, Solution-processed.
National Category
Organic Chemistry
Research subject
Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279743 (URN)978-91-7873-619-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-09-30, https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_jafBUv0cRYyWbvtDwnehGA​, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2020-09-02

Available from: 2020-09-02 Created: 2020-08-31 Last updated: 2022-12-07Bibliographically approved

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Wang, LinqinGuo, YuZhang, WeiLi, YuanyuanLiu, PengXu, BoKloo, LarsSun, Licheng

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