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Effective interfacial tension in flow-focusing of colloidal dispersions: 3-D numerical simulations and experiments
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
Univ Claude Bernard, Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, CNRS,Lab Phys, F-69342 Lyon, France..
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3737-0091
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2019 (English)In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 876, p. 1052-1076, article id PII S0022112019005664Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

An interface between two miscible fluids is transient, existing as a non-equilibrium state before complete molecular mixing is reached. However, during the existence of such an interface, which typically occurs at relatively short time scales, composition gradients at the boundary between the two liquids cause stresses effectively mimicking an interfacial tension. Here, we combine numerical modelling and experiments to study the influence of an effective interfacial tension between a colloidal fibre dispersion and its own solvent on the flow in a microfluidic system. In a flow-focusing channel, the dispersion is injected as core flow that is hydrodynamically focused by its solvent as sheath flows. This leads to the formation of a long fluid thread, which is characterized in three dimensions using optical coherence tomography and simulated using a volume of fluid method. The simulated flow and thread geometries very closely reproduce the experimental results in terms of thread topology and velocity flow fields. By varying the interfacial tension numerically, we show that it controls the thread development, which can be described by an effective capillary number. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the applied methodology provide the means to measure the ultra-low but dynamically highly significant effective interfacial tension.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS , 2019. Vol. 876, p. 1052-1076, article id PII S0022112019005664
Keywords [en]
colloids, capillary flows, multiphase flow
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Physics, Material and Nano Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261291DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2019.566ISI: 000486462700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85070832669OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-261291DiVA, id: diva2:1359252
Note

QC 20191008

Available from: 2019-10-08 Created: 2019-10-08 Last updated: 2025-02-09Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Experimental and numerical investigations of hydrodynamic focusing of colloidal dispersions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Experimental and numerical investigations of hydrodynamic focusing of colloidal dispersions
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Experimentell och numerisk undersökningar av hydrodynamisk fokusering med kolloidala dispersioner
Abstract [en]

Dispersed non-spherical particles are the fundamental constituent of many complex fluids. Such fluids are studied both for their industrial and scientific importance, and for their peculiar functional properties (mechanical, optical, thermal, fluidic). One exemplar is cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), a biopolymer made of nanoscale particles with remarkable mechanical properties that has been found to be the potential candidate for the fabrication of sustainable and bio-compatible materials. To synthesize and characterise the behaviour of such non-spherical particles in flowing dispersions, microfluidic platforms have emerged as powerful tools. However, the scientific understanding of the fundamental role of the fluid dispersion properties and flow parameters on the microflow dynamics is still inadequate.  

In this thesis work, a combined numerical and experimental investigation with diverse set of microfluidic flow focusing devices are adopted to measure, analyse, and understand the micro-  and macro-scale morphologies of flowing dispersions. A high-viscosity colloidal dispersion liquid made of cellulose nanofibrils suspended in water (the solvent) is hydrodynamically focused with the low-viscosity solvent liquid. A 3D colloidal viscous thread structure is formed, which is characterized using optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The studies show that if the Péclet number is large (diffusion of the particles is slower than the convective time scale of the flow), the concentration gradient between two in-homogeneous miscible fluids (colloidal dispersion and its own solvent) gives rise to Korteweg stresses, emulating the effect of interfacial tension in the form of effective interfacial tension (EIT). In addition, scaling laws describing the complex interplay between viscous, inertial and capillary effects in microchannels have been identified, and are in turn used to estimate the fluid properties.

Further, the collective behaviour of nanofibrils in the studied flow fields is investigated. Numerically modelled orientation distribution functions (ODF)  are compared with in-situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. The calibrated SAXS-based digital twin model unveils complete 3D nanoparticle orientation both along the streamwise and cross-sectional planes of the channels. Overall, the key findings of this work open up possibilities in controlling the hydrodynamic assembly of nanoparticles in microchannels.

Abstract [sv]

Icke-sfäriska nanopartiklar är den grundläggande byggstenen i många komplexa vätskor. Sådana vätskor studeras både på grund av deras industriella och vetenskapliga betydelse och på grund av deras intressanta egenskaper (mekaniska, optiska, termiska och fluidiska). Ett exempel på sådana partiklar är cellulosanofibriller (CNF), en biopolymer med anmärkningsvärda mekaniska egenskaper som har stor potential för tillverkning av hållbara och biokompatibla material. Ett kraftfullt verktyg för syntes och karakterisering av sådana icke-sfäriska partiklar i strömmande dispersioner är mikrofluidik, men den vetenskapliga förståelsen av partiklarnas och dispersionernas beteende i mikrofluidiksystem är fortfarande otillräcklig.  

I denna avhandling kombineras numeriska och experimentella metoder för att mäta, analysera och förstå flödande dispersioners makroskopiska och de ingående partiklarnas mikroskopiska beteende i olika strömningssituationer. Det specifika strömningsfall som studeras är strömningsfokusering: en högviskös kolloidal dispersion bestående av cellulosanofibriller i vatten fokuseras hydrodynamiskt av ett yttre flöde med rent vatten med låg viskositet i en kanal. Det kan då skapas högviskös "tråd" i kanalen. Detta flöde karakteriseras med hjälp av optisk koherenstomografi (OCT) och CFD-simuleringar (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Om Péclet-talet här stort (vilket betyder att partiklarnas diffusionshastighet är lägre än strömningshastigheten) ger koncentrationsgradienten mellan två homogena, blandbara  vätskor (kolloidal dispersion och dess eget lösningsmedel) upphov till Korteweg-spänningar, vilka kan modelleras med en effektiv ytspänning (EIT). Skalningslagar som beskriver de komplexa kopplingarna mellan effekter av viskositet, tröghet och ytspänning i mikrokanalen system har tagits fram, och skalningslagarna används i sin tur för att uppskatta vätskeegenskaperna.        

Även det kollektiva beteendet hos nanofibrillerna själva har studerats. Numeriskt modellerade orienteringfördelningar jämförs med in-situ röntgenspridningsmätningar (SAXS). Resultatet blir en experimentellt kalibrerad digital modell som avslöjar nanopartiklarnas 3D-orientering i hela systemet. Sammansatta gör resultaten i denna avhandling det möjligt att prediktera, optimera och kontrollera hydrodynamisk syntes av icke-sfäriska partiklar i olika kanalsystem.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2023:40
Keywords
Microfluidics, flow focusing, colloidal fiber dispersion, effective interfacial tension, microflow morphology, nanoparticle orientation, Mikrofluidik, flödesfokusering, kolloidala dispersioner, effektiv ytspänning, mikroflödesmorfologi, orientering av nanopartiklar
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Engineering Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-336681 (URN)978-91-8040-695-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-10-06, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/61949181313, D2, Lindstedtsvägen 9, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm, 10:15 (English)
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Note

QC 230918

Available from: 2023-09-18 Created: 2023-09-17 Last updated: 2025-02-09Bibliographically approved

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Gowda, V. KrishneBrouzet, ChristopheSöderberg, DanielLundell, Fredrik

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