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A homodimeric bacterial exo-β-1,3-glucanase derived from moose rumen 1microbiome shows a structural framework similar to yeast exo-β-1,3-glucanases
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology. (Divne group)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5156-4592
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5829-9357
KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Biotechnology. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Swedish Center for Biomimetic Fiber Engineering, BioMime.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8576-4370
KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Biotechnology. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Swedish Center for Biomimetic Fiber Engineering, BioMime. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Biochemistry and Biotechnology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5805-2693
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The impact of various β-glucans on the gut microbiome and immune system of vertebrates is becoming increasingly recognized. Besides the fundamental interest in understanding how β-glucans support human and animal health, enzymes that metabolize β-glucans are of interest for hemicellulose bioprocessing. Our earlier metagenomic analysis of the moose rumen microbiome identified a gene coding for a bacterial enzyme with a possible role in β-glucan metabolization. Here, we report that the enzyme,mrbExg5, has exo-β-1,3-glucanase activity on β-1,3-linked glucooligosaccharides and laminarin, but not on β-1,6-or β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Longer oligosaccharides are good substrates, while shorter substrates arereadily transglycosylated into longer products. The enzyme belongs to glycoside hydrolase subfamily GH5_44, which is a close phylogenetic neighbor of the subfamily GH5_9 exo-β-1,3-glucanases of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeand Candida albicans. The crystal structure shows that unlike the eukaryotic relatives, mrbExg5 is a functional homodimer with a binding region characterized by: (i) subsite +1 can accommodate a branched sugar on the β-1,3-glucan backbone; (ii) subsite +2 is restricted to exclude backbone substituents; and (iii) a fourth subsite (+3) formed by a unique loop. mrbExg5 is the first GH5_44 enzyme to be structurally characterized, and the first bacterial GH5 with exo-β-1,3-glucanase activity.

National Category
Biochemistry Molecular Biology Bioprocess Technology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281710OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-281710DiVA, id: diva2:1469352
Note

QC 20200922

Available from: 2020-09-21 Created: 2020-09-21 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Structural and biochemical insights into biosynthesis and degradation of N-glycans
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Structural and biochemical insights into biosynthesis and degradation of N-glycans
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Carbohydrates are a primary energy source for all living organisms, but importantly, they also participate in a number of life-sustaining biological processes, e.g. cell signaling and cell-wall synthesis. The first part of the thesis examines glycosyltransferases that play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of N-glycans. Precursors to eukaryotic N-glycans are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the form of a lipid-bound oligosaccharide, which is then transferred to a nascent protein. The first seven sugar units are assembled on the cytoplasmic side of the ER, which is performed by glycosyltransferases that use nucleotide sugars as donors. The mannosyl transferase PcManGT is produced by the archaeon Pyrobaculum calidifontis, and the biochemical and structural results presented in the thesis suggest that the enzyme may be a counterpart to the glycosyltransferase Alg1 that participates in the biosynthesis of N-glycans in eukaryotes. Within the ER (in the lumen), activated dolichol-bound sugars are used as donor substrates instead of nucleotide sugars for glycosyltransferases that synthesize N-glycans. The glycosyltransferase dolichylphosphate mannose synthase (DPMS) catalyzes the formation of dolichylphosphate mannose, which is one of these dolichyl-bound sugars. The structure and function were studied for DPMS from Pyrococcus furiosus using protein X-ray crystallographic and biochemical methods and a new assay based on proteoliposomes was designed. The second part of the thesis focuses on glycoside hydrolases from bacteria that break down oligo- and polysaccharides. In one of the studies, a bacterial glycoside hydrolase from the acne bacterium Cutibacterium acnes was characterized. The enzyme was shown to be able to break down the host's N-glycans, which can be used as nutrients or perhaps even evade detection of the immune system. This study also suggests a cytoplasmic biosynthetic pathway for the formation of N-glycans in the acne bacterium. In another study, a glycoside hydrolase from a bacterium living in the moose rumen was characterized. The enzyme was shown to be able to break down β-1,3-glucans, which is a property that can be used industrially for biomass treatment.

Abstract [sv]

Kolhydrater utgör en primär energikälla för alla levande organismer, man deltar dessutom i mängd livsuppehållande biologiska processer, t.ex. cellsignalering och cellväggssyntes. Den första delen av avhandlingen undersöker glykosyltransferaser som spelar en avgörande roll för biosyntes av N-glykaner. Förstadier till eukaryota N-glykaner syntetiseras i det endoplasmatiska nätverket (ER) i form av en lipidbunden oligosackarid som sedan överförs till ett nybildat protein. De första sju sockerenheterna sätts ihop på den cytoplasmatiska sidan av ER, vilket sker med hjälp av glykosyltransferaser som använder nukleotidsockerföreningar som kan donera sockerenheter. Mannosyltransferaset PcManGT produceras av arkebakterien Pyrobaculum calidifontis och de biokemiska och strukturella resultat som presenteras i avhandlingen tyder på att enzymet kan vara en motsvarighet till glykosyltransferaset Alg1 som deltar i biosyntes av N-glykaner i eukaryoter. Inuti ER (i lumen) används aktiverade dolikolbundna socker istället för nukleotidsockerföreningar som substrat för glykosyltransferaser som syntetiserar N-glykaner. Glykosyltransferaset dolikolfosfatmannossyntas (DPMS) katalyserar bildandet av dolikolfosfatmannos vilket är en av dessa dolikolbundna sockerföreningar. Struktur och funktion studerades för DPMS från Pyrococcus furiosus med hjälp av proteinröntgenkristallografi samt biokemiska metoder samt en ny analysmetid baserad på proteoliposomer. Den andra delen av avhandlingen fokuserar på glykosidhydrolaser från bakterier som bryter ned oligo- och polysackarider. I en av studierna karakteriserades ett bakteriellt glykosidhydrolas från aknebakterien Cutibacterium acnes. Enzymet visade sig kunna bryta ned värdorganismens N-glykaner vilka kan användas som näring eller kanske även i syfte att undgå upptäckt av immunförsvaret. Studien föreslår även en cytoplasmatisk biosyntesväg för bildande av N-glykaner i aknebakterien. I en annan studie karakteriserades ett glykosidhydrolas från en bakterie som lever i älgvåmmen. Enzymet visade sig kunna bryta ned β-1,3- glukaner vilket är en egenskap som kan användas för i industriella tillämpningar för bearbetning av biomassa.

Abstract [de]

Kohlenhydrate sind eine primäre Energiequelle für alle lebenden Organismen, aber vor allem sind sie an einer großen Anzahl von lebensnotwendigen biologischen Prozessen, z.B. Zellsignalwegen und Zellwandaufbau, beteiligt. Der erste Teil dieser Doktorarbeit untersucht Glycosyltransferasen, welche entscheidend für die Synthese von N-Glycanen sind. Die Vorläufer der eukaryotischen N-Glycane werden im endoplasmatischen Retikulum (ER) als Lipid-gebundene Oligosaccharide synthetisiert, bevor sie auf das entstehende Protein transferiert werden. Die ersten sieben Zucker werden auf der zytoplasmatischen Seite der ER-Membran von Glycosyltransferasen, welche Nukleotidzucker als Donor nutzen, transferiert. Die Mannosyltransferase PcManGT wird von den Archaea Pyrobaculum calidifontis produziert, und die in dieser Doktorarbeit präsentierten biochemischen und strukturellen Resultate deuten darauf hin, dass das Enzym ein Pedant zu dem eukaryotischen Enzym Alg1 ist, welches Teil der eukaryotischen N-Glycan Biosynthese ist. Im ER (ERlumen) werden aktivierte Dolichol-gebundene Zucker, statt Nukleotidzuckern als Donor, für N-Glycan synthetisierende Glycosyltransferasen bereitgestellt. Die Glycosyltransferase Dolichylphosphate Mannose Synthase (DPMS) katalysiert mit der Bildung von Dolichylphosphate Mannose, einen dieser Dolicholgebundene Zucker. Die Struktur und Funktion der DPMS von Pyrococcus furiosus wurde mit Hilfe von sowohl X-ray Kristallographie als auch biochemischen Methoden untersucht und ein neuer Assay basierend auf Proteoliposomen designt. Im zweiten Teil der Doktorarbeit fokussiert sich auf bakterielle Glycosidasen welche Oligo- und Polysaccharide abbauen. Charakterisiert wurde die bakterielle Glycosidase von dem Aknebakterium Cutibacterium acnes. Das Enzym kann Teile des Wirt N-Glycans abbauen, wodurch Nährstoffe bereitgestellt werden oder die Erkennung des Immunsystems vermieden wird. Zusätzlich wird auch ein potentieller N-Glycan Abbauweg des Aknebakterium vorgeschlagen. In einer weiteren Studie wurde eine Glucosidase von einem Elchmagenbakterium charakterisiert. Das Enzym war in der Lage β-1,3-Glucane abzubauen, welches Anwendung in der industriellen Biomassebehandlung finden könnte.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2020. p. 59
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2020:41
Keywords
N-glycan, biosynthesis, degradation, glycosyltransferase, glycoside hydrolase, biofuel, enzyme, membrane protein
National Category
Biochemistry Molecular Biology Structural Biology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281752 (URN)978-91-7873-660-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-10-16, https://kth-se.zoom.us/meeting/register/u5ErcuqurDMqG9De0JHMgaaxfcnXVREWWX38, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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Note

QC 2020-09-25

Available from: 2020-09-25 Created: 2020-09-24 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved

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Reichenbach, TomKalyani, DayanandAspeborg, HenrikDivne, Christina

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