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Efficient commuter craft for urban waterborne public transportation
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Naval Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3160-9575
2021 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

There has been a recent surge in interest in waterborne public transportation (WPT). Publictransport providers (PTP) are seeing its potential in complementing the existing transportnetwork and alleviating urban traffic congestion and pollution. But the adoption of WPTtoday is challenging due to a series of technical and implementation challenges. Thesechallenges include ferry procurement practices, local legislation and policies andenvironmental factors like winter ice. Several of these challenges can be alleviated if efficientferries can be made accessible off-the-shelf with a low manufacturing time and cost. Thethesis focuses on developing such a ferry concept based on modular design whose overalldimensions are standardized and internal arrangement is customizable towards operationalrequirements, with a focus towards sustainable and safe operations in ice.Starting with the characterization of WPT, ferry routes are broadly classified into three types.These routes are described with an operational requirements framework considering allrelevant stakeholder expectations. Then, overall dimensions of vessels representative ofWPT are deduced. Using these dimensions to standardize the overall dimensions, a modularferry concept is developed as an assembly of modules and submodules. The modules arepresented as standardized units having fixed dimensions and interfaces whose internalarrangements can be tailored to meet operational requirements. Design standardizationlowers costs and manufacturing time while internal customization favours tailoring the ferryconcept. One challenge associated with this for the PTP is the difficulty in choosingappropriate modules among multiple alternatives. This is overcome through thedevelopment of a ranking and selection method which benchmarks competing designs andhelps in decision making.In terms of technical challenges for the developed ferry concept, cities like Stockholmexperience freezing of water bodies during winter months. For reliable year-roundoperations that are safe and sustainable in terms of economy and environment, there is aneed for the development of lightweight and robust ice going hulls. This thesis lays thefoundation for the development of such hulls by studying the prevalent ice data and proposesa probabilistic method for estimating the design ice pressures.One must rely on probabilistic methods since most experimental studies are based on seaice whose mechanical properties are different from freshwater ice, which is typical for WPT.Traditionally, classification society rules like the Finnish Swedish Ice Class Rules are usedfor first year light ice conditions which were developed for the Baltic Sea consideringicebreaker vessels. They work well in ensuring a safe design, but their performance forfreshwater ice, applied to commuter ferries have not been tested. Therefore, a probabilisticapproach is adopted where the unknown parameters are incorporated as random variables.The probabilistic method reduces the hull-ice interaction to a pressure and contact-arearelationship. With arctic datasets that closely match WPT conditions as the parent dataset,the probabilistic method is calibrated with exposure conditions for WPT to give the designpressure-area curve. The different uncertainties arising from operations in ice are studied using a statistical tool and the leading source of uncertainty is attributed to ice-loadprediction methods. This establishes the need for more robust methods for prediction of iceloads so that a lightweight, yet robust hull may be designed which is efficient in terms of fueleconomy and emissions.WPT presents a tremendous opportunity in complementing the existing transport network.With careful design and development of the modular ferry concept and its technicalchallenges, it would be easier for PTPs to adopt WPT globally.

Abstract [sv]

De senaste decenniet har intresset ökat för kollektivtrafik på vatten (WPT).Kollektivtrafikleverantörer ser potential att minska trängsel och utsläpp och tillförakapacitet genom att utnyttja de urbana vattenvägarna. Men realiseringen har utmaningar,så väl tekniska som relaterade till regelverk och systempraxis. Dessa omfattar inköp av färjoroch upphandling av vattenburen trafik, lokal lagstiftning och policyer, miljöfaktorer ochdessutom isen vintertid. Flera av dessa utmaningar kan hanteras om effektiva färjor kangöras lättillgängliga med kort tillverkningstid till ett pris i paritet med övrig kollektivtrafik.Avhandlingen fokuserar på att utveckla ett färjekoncept baserat på modulär design medövergripande, standardiserade, dimensioner och med möjlighet att anpassa inredningenefter operativa krav.Efter karaktäriseringen av WPT klassificeras färjerutter i tre kategorier. Dessa rutterbeskrivs i ett operativt ramverk som beaktar relevanta intressenters förväntningar. Därefterbestäms de övergripande dimensionerna för WPT fartyg. Baserat på dessa utvecklas ettmodulärt färjekoncept som en sammansättning av moduler och delmoduler. Modulerna harstandarddimensioner och gränssnitt så att arrangemang kan skräddarsys för att uppfyllaaktuella operativa krav. En utmaning med det modulära färjekonceptet är svårigheten attbedöma vilken kombination av moduler som är bäst när det finns många möjligakombinationer som uppfyller en kravprofil. För att hantera detta utvecklas en rankningsochurvalsmetod för att kunna jämföra konkurrerande lösningar och därmed ge stöd i valetav design.En teknisk utmaning i städer som Stockholm är isen vintertid. För tillförlitlig trafik, åretrunt, som är både säker och hållbar, ekonomiskt och miljömässigt, finns det ett behov avutveckling av lätta och starka skrov som tål att operera i is. Avhandlingen närmar sigutvecklingen av sådana skrov genom att föreslå lämpliga isdata och en sannolikhetsbaseradmetod för att uppskatta dimensionerande isbelastningar.Is för nordiska WPT förhållanden är vanligtvis sötvattensis, vars mekaniska egenskaperskiljer sig från havsis. De flesta studier som beskriver isegenskaper är experimentella ochbaserade på havsis där man måste förlita sig på probabilistiska metoder för att ta hänsyn tillosäkerheter. Traditionellt används regler från klassificeringssällskap, som de finsk-svenskaisklassreglerna FSICR för första års isförhållanden vilket utvecklats för Östersjön ochisbrytande fartyg. Reglerna fungerar för att säkerställa en säker konstruktion men hur välde är anpassade för att dimensionera effektiva pendelfärjor i sötvattenis har inte utretts. Iavhandlingen antas ett probabilistiskt tillvägagångssätt där de okända parametrarna antassom slumpmässiga variabler. Den probabilistiska metoden förenklar interaktionen mellanskrov och is till ett förhållande mellan tryck och kontaktyta. Med publicerad data, som näramatchar WPT-förhållanden, som bas, kalibreras den probabilistiska metoden tillexponeringsförhållanden för WPT för att formulera den dimensionerande tryck-kurvan. Deolika osäkerhetsfaktorerna vid operation i is studeras med statistisk analys som visar att denfrämsta källan till osäkerhet är just förutsägelsen av isbelastningen. Detta fastställer behovet av mer robusta metoder för förutsägelse av isbelastningar så att ett lätt, men ändå starktskrov kan utformas som är effektivt med avseende på bränsleekonomi och utsläpp.WPT ger stora möjligheter att komplettera ett befintligt kollektivtrafik nätverk. Mednoggrann design och tillämpning av det modulära färjekonceptet kan det bli enklare att tatillvara möjligheterna runt om i världen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. , p. 147
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2020:50
Keywords [en]
waterborne public transportation, commuter ferry, modular design, operational requirements, ranking method, sustainable performance, ice operations, ice-hull Interaction, ice load, ice properties
Keywords [sv]
kollektivtrafik på vatten, modulärt färjekoncept, modulär design, rankningsmetod, hållbarhetsparametrar, isbelastning, isförhållanden, isegenskaper
National Category
Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering
Research subject
Vehicle and Maritime Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287834ISBN: 978-91-7873-746-8 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-287834DiVA, id: diva2:1511431
Presentation
2021-01-15, Register in advance for this webinar: https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_ZHbOCahkQCmfZ_Dtj1Lhkg After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar., Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration, TRV 2018/6471Available from: 2020-12-18 Created: 2020-12-18 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Standardized Commuter Vessel Design for a Worldwide Waterborne Public Transport Application
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Standardized Commuter Vessel Design for a Worldwide Waterborne Public Transport Application
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287832 (URN)
Note

QC 20210112

Available from: 2020-12-18 Created: 2020-12-18 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved
2. Design Performance Index for evaluating ferries and its application for configuring modular ferries.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Design Performance Index for evaluating ferries and its application for configuring modular ferries.
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Vehicle and Aerospace Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287833 (URN)
Note

QC 20210112

Available from: 2020-12-18 Created: 2020-12-18 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved
3. Ice Pressure Prediction Based on the Probabilistic Method for Ice-Going Vessels in Inland Waterways
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ice Pressure Prediction Based on the Probabilistic Method for Ice-Going Vessels in Inland Waterways
Show others...
2018 (English)In: Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering-Transactions of The Asme, ISSN 0892-7219, E-ISSN 1528-896X, Vol. 141, no 2, article id 021501Article in journal, Editorial material (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

With increasing need to utilize inland waterways (IWW), the design for IWW vessels gains attention both from a transport efficiency and an emission control point of view. The primarily issue is to estimate the ice pressure acting on the ship hull for inland waterways. Ice information for Lake Mälaren is extracted and analysed in this work. Since the ice properties have great influence on the impact load, they are studied based on empirical formulae and are calibrated by reference data. The ice impact is then predicted for an inland water barge. Probabilistic method is selected to derive the load based on available field test data. Several parent datasets are chosen, and different design strategies are implemented to evaluate the ice impact load and investigate the influences from exposure factors. The paper finds that the design curve of α = 0.265α-0.57 can be used for Lake Mälaren. The approach itself introduces a possible way to investigate loads on ice affected IWW.With increasing need to utilize inland waterways (IWW), the design for IWW vessels gains attention both from a transport efficiency and an emission control point of view. The primarily issue is to estimate the ice pressure acting on the ship hull for inland waterways. Ice information for Lake Mälaren is extracted and analysed in this work. Since the ice properties have great influence on the impact load, they are studied based on empirical formulae and are calibrated by reference data. The ice impact is then predicted for an inland water barge. Probabilistic method is selected to derive the load based on available field test data. Several parent datasets are chosen, and different design strategies are implemented to evaluate the ice impact load and investigate the influences from exposure factors. The paper finds that the design curve of α = 0.265α-0.57 can be used for Lake Mälaren. The approach itself introduces a possible way to investigate loads on ice affected IWW.

Keywords
Finnish-Swedish ice class regulations (FSICR), Probabilistic method, Ice properties, Ice thickness distribution, Statistical analysis, Fresh Water Ice, Extreme ice pressure, Ice Loads, Inland Waterways, Level Ice, Ship Ice impact, Arctic engineering, Marine engineering, Ships, Water, Fresh Water, Ice resistances, Swedishs, Ice
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Vehicle and Maritime Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239026 (URN)10.1115/1.4041015 (DOI)000461037200004 ()2-s2.0-85072172483 (Scopus ID)
Note

QCR 20181206

QC 20191016

Available from: 2018-11-14 Created: 2018-11-14 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
4. Statistical estimation of uncertainties associated with ship operations in fresh water ice
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Statistical estimation of uncertainties associated with ship operations in fresh water ice
Show others...
2018 (English)In: Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers , 2018, p. 1608-1615Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Operational Time Window (OTW) and its confidence level are important for vessels operating in ice covered waters. This can be evaluated by quantifying all contributing factors in terms of their influence along with respective associated uncertainties. For a case study involving a barge operating in Lake Mälaren, Sweden, five criteria are evaluated, and associated uncertainties are quantified using Variation Mode and Effect Analysis (VMEA) to give individual contribution towards overall uncertainty. Ship resistance due to ice and ice loads dominated over other criteria with highest contributions to uncertainty at 28% and 72% respectively.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, 2018
Keywords
Channel Ice, Confidence Interval, Effect Analysis (VMEA), Finnish-Swedish ice class regulations (FSICR), Fish Bone Method, Fresh Water Ice, Ice Loads, Inland Waterways, Level Ice, Ship Ice Resistance, Uncertainty, Variable Mode, Arctic engineering, Marine engineering, Ships, Uncertainty analysis, Water, Effect analysis, Fish bones, Fresh Water, Ice resistances, Swedishs, Ice
National Category
Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236446 (URN)2-s2.0-85053436824 (Scopus ID)9781880653876 (ISBN)
Conference
28th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE 2018, 10 June 2018 through 15 June 2018
Note

QC 20181022

Available from: 2018-10-22 Created: 2018-10-22 Last updated: 2022-09-09Bibliographically approved

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Cheemakurthy, Harsha

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