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The Practice Approach in Practice: Lessons for Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) that Work Towards Sustainable Food Consumption in Sweden
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Strategic Sustainability Studies.
Department of Sociology, Lund University, Sandgatan 11a-c, 22352 Lund, Sweden.
2021 (English)In: Sustainable Production and Consumption, ISSN 2352-5509, Vol. 26, p. 480-492Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Recognizing the great potential of civil society organizations (CSOs) as drivers of social change, this study examines how CSOs’ work directed towards consumers—in this case, to make food consumption sustainable—could be analyzed and improved through insights in practice theory. This research scope adds to the sustainable consumption literature by shifting the lens from the rich body of scholarship examining the practices of households or organizations themselves to how CSOs can influence household practices. Interviews with five different Swedish CSOs serve as the study's main empirical basis. To analyze CSO activities that target households, we use practice theorist Alan Warde's well-established categorization of four integrative social practices of eating: (1) the supplying of food, (2) cooking, (3) the organization of meal occasions, and (4) aesthetic judgments of taste. Unlike some perspectives in sustainable consumption research that focus on consumer attitudes and behavioral change, a practice theory perspective encourages a view of consumption patterns as arising from complex and necessarily social configurations of human action formed in relation to evolving infrastructures and institutions in a cultural and historical context. In agreement with this, we suggest that the CSOs would generally benefit from focusing on particular practices, practice elements, and communities of practice. The different preconditions under which CSOs operate—such as material resource constraints and symbolic power resources—should further inform their chosen types of activities. However, we also conclude that the scale of the necessary societal changes ultimately requires increased integration and coordination of practical and political activities, not just among CSOs but throughout all spheres of society. Finally, we briefly outline avenues for further research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2021. Vol. 26, p. 480-492
Keywords [en]
Civil society organizations, intervention, sustainable food consumption, eating, practice theory
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Planning and Decision Analysis, Strategies for sustainable development
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288832DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2020.12.011ISI: 000640771000012Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85098462581OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-288832DiVA, id: diva2:1516701
Projects
Mistra Sustainable Consumption
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research
Note

QC 20210113

Available from: 2021-01-12 Created: 2021-01-12 Last updated: 2025-06-27Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Mainstreaming Sustainable Consumption: Practices, Perspectives, and the Case of Food
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mainstreaming Sustainable Consumption: Practices, Perspectives, and the Case of Food
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Many of the grave threats facing life on Earth can be connected to the unsustainable consumption of resources by the wealthier parts of the world. Sweden is not only a wealthy country, but one with an international reputation as a forerunner in terms of sustainability. However, the per-capita consumption of resources by private households in Sweden is fundamentally unsustainable, not least when it comes to the key area of food consumption.

In order to achieve a sustainable consumption in Sweden, the ways most of us go about our daily lives today must change drastically, especially when it comes to how and what we eat. In other words, sustainable ways of doing things – sustainable consumption practices – need to become the new mainstream.

Against this backdrop, this thesis aims to explore the potential roles and perspectives of different societal actors in processes of making sustainable consumption the mainstream in Sweden, especially when it comes to eating practices. Based on the notion that a sustainable consumption meets everyone’s needs without exceeding ecological boundaries, the theoretical approach is grounded in social practice theory and concepts of power and recognitional justice. The main methods used are interviews, an intervention study, workshops, and questionnaires.

The thesis consists of a cover essay and five appended papers. Papers A and B give particular attention to exploring different perspectives on what sustainable consumption is and could be in the future. In Paper A, differentsocioeconomic groups envision sustainable consumption futures, whereas in Paper B, different types of sustainable consumption practices are explored.

In focusing on food consumption specifically, Papers C, D, and E mainly address the roles of different actors in the mainstreaming of sustainable eating practices. Paper C explores households’ agency in a transition to sustainable food consumption, as well as what they consider to be the necessary roles of other actors in society to enable such a transition. Papers D and E then explore the roles and perspectives of two such types of actors: civil society organizations and food provisioning actors, respectively.

While Papers A and B demonstrate that there exist perspectives and ways of thinking about sustainable consumption that challenge dominant framings, Papers D and E indicate that many strategies nonetheless tend to be framed in these dominant and conventional ways, thus relying on measures aimed at individuals’ attitudes, behavior, and choices. In comparison, Paper C shows that such measures are insufficient and ineffective, since significant efforts are required even of households that are relatively privileged in terms of finances, knowledge, and commitment, etc.

A general conclusion, then, is that to challenge dominant narratives of what sustainable consumption is and should be in the future, careful attention needs to be paid to issues of recognitional justice and power in how sustainable consumption is conceptualized and envisioned. Additionally, a greater level of coordination is required between actors in civil society and the private and public sectors in order to mainstream sustainable consumption practices, especially when it comes to eating practices. While households are not powerless in this process, the structural factors that limit the mainstreaming of sustainable consumption are mainly under the influence of larger actors.

Abstract [sv]

Många av de allvarliga hoten mot livet på jorden kan knytas till den ohållbara konsumtionen av resurser bland världens rikare delar. Sverige är inte bara ett rikt land, utan anses även vara ett föregångsland när det gäller hållbarhet. Men svenska privathushålls resurskonsumtion per capita är i grunden ohållbar, inte minst när det kommer till nyckelområdet livsmedelskonsumtion.

För att uppnå en hållbar konsumtion i Sverige måste det ske en drastisk förändring av sättet som de flesta av oss lever på idag, särskilt med avseende på hur och vad vi äter. Med andra ord måste hållbara sätt att göra saker och ting på – ”hållbara konsumtionspraktiker” – bli det nya normala, ett nytt ”mainstream”.

Mot bakgrund av detta syftar den här avhandlingen till att utforska olika samhällsaktörers potentiella roller och perspektiv i omställningsprocesser som syftar till att göra hållbara praktiker till mainstream i Sverige, särskilt när det gäller matpraktiker. Utgångspunkten ligger i att en hållbar konsumtion bör tillgodose allas behov utan att överskrida ekologiska gränser, och det teoretiska angreppssättet är grundat i social praktikteori och teoretiska begrepp som makt och erkännande. De huvudsakliga metoder som används är intervjuer, en interventionsstudie, workshops samt frågeformulär.

Avhandlingen består av denna så kallade kappa samt fem bifogade vetenskapliga artiklar. Utforskandet av olika perspektiv på vad hållbar konsumtion är och kan vara i framtiden ägnas särskilt stor uppmärksamhet i Artikel A och B. I Artikel A får olika socioekonomiska grupper föreställa sig en framtid med hållbar konsumtion, och i Artikel B undersöks olika typer av hållbara praktiker.

Artikel C, D och E inriktar sig på matkonsumtionen och fokuserar främst på olika aktörers roller i att göra hållbara matpraktiker till mainstream. I Artikel C undersöks hushållens möjligheter att ställa om till en hållbar matkonsumtion, samt vad de anser att andra aktörer i samhället bör göra för att möjliggöra en sådan omställning. I Artikel D och E undersöks sedan rollerna och perspektiven hos två sådana typer av aktörer: civilsamhällesorganisationer respektive företag inom livsmedelsförsörjningen.

Medan Artikel A och B visar att det finns perspektiv på och sätt att tänka kring hållbar konsumtion som utmanar dominerande synsätt, visar Artikel D och E att många strategier ändå brukar utformas på dessa dominerande och konventionella sätt och därmed förlitar sig på åtgärder som riktar sig mot individers attityder, beteenden och val. Samtidigt visar Artikel C att sådana åtgärder saknar god effekt och är otillräckliga, eftersom de kräver stora ansträngningar även från hushåll som har relativt goda förutsättningar när det kommer till ekonomi, kunskap och engagemang med mera.

En allmän slutsats är därför att erkännande och makt måste uppmärksammas noga när det kommer till hur hållbar konsumtion föreställs och framställs. Detta är för att dominerande berättelser om vad hållbar konsumtion är och bör vara i framtiden ska kunna utmanas. Dessutom behöver aktörer i civilsamhället och i privat och offentlig sektor samordnas i högre utsträckning för att hållbara praktiker ska kunna bli mainstream, särskilt när det gäller matpraktiker. Hushållen är inte maktlösa i den här processen, men de strukturella faktorer som begränsar omställningen till hållbar konsumtion påverkas främst av större aktörer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 67
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2524
Keywords
sustainable consumption, food, visions, intervention, recognition, power, taxonomy, social practice theory, actors, provisioning, mainstreaming, transitions, hållbar konsumtion, mat, visioner, intervention, erkännande, makt, taxonomi, sociala praktiker, aktörer, omställning
National Category
Environmental Studies in Social Sciences
Research subject
Sustainability studies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-365715 (URN)978-91-8106-345-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-09-26, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, KTH Campus, Public videoconference link https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62231942246, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
Mistra Sustainable Consumption
Funder
Mistra Sustainable Consumption
Note

QC 20250630

Available from: 2025-06-30 Created: 2025-06-27 Last updated: 2025-12-16Bibliographically approved

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