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Wide range of metabolic adaptations to the acquisition of the Calvin cycle revealed by comparison of microbial genomes
KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH). (Hudson Lab)
KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH). (Hudson Lab)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1899-7649
2021 (English)In: PloS Computational Biology, ISSN 1553-734X, E-ISSN 1553-7358, Vol. 17, no 2, article id e1008742Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Knowledge of the genetic basis for autotrophic metabolism is valuable since it relates to both the emergence of life and to the metabolic engineering challenge of incorporating CO2 as a potential substrate for biorefining. The most common CO2 fixation pathway is the Calvin cycle, which utilizes Rubisco and phosphoribulokinase enzymes. We searched thousands of microbial genomes and found that 6.0% contained the Calvin cycle. We then contrasted the genomes of Calvin cycle-positive, non-cyanobacterial microbes and their closest relatives by enrichment analysis, ancestral character estimation, and random forest machine learning, to explore genetic adaptations associated with acquisition of the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle overlaps with the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis, and we could confirm positive associations with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, aldolase, and transketolase, constituting a conserved operon, as well as ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase, and phosphoglycerate kinase. Additionally, carbohydrate storage enzymes, carboxysome proteins (that raise CO2 concentration around Rubisco), and Rubisco activases CbbQ and CbbX accompanied the Calvin cycle. Photorespiration did not appear to be adapted specifically for the Calvin cycle in the non-cyanobacterial microbes under study. Our results suggest that chemoautotrophy in Calvin cycle-positive organisms was commonly enabled by hydrogenase, and less commonly ammonia monooxygenase (nitrification). The enrichment of specific DNA-binding domains indicated Calvin-cycle associated genetic regulation. Metabolic regulatory adaptations were illustrated by negative correlation to AraC and the enzyme arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase, which suggests a downregulation of the metabolite arabinose-5-phosphate, which may interfere with the Calvin cycle through enzyme inhibition and substrate competition. Certain domains of unknown function that were found to be important in the analysis may indicate yet unknown regulatory mechanisms in Calvin cycle-utilizing microbes. Our gene ranking provides targets for experiments seeking to improve CO2 fixation, or engineer novel CO2-fixing organisms.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2021. Vol. 17, no 2, article id e1008742
Keywords [en]
Autotrophy, Carbon fixation, CO2 fixation, Calvin cycle, CBB cycle, Rubisco, Bacteria, Archaea, Prokaryotes, Comparative genomics, Genetic adaptations, Evolution, Metabolic engineering, Microbial metabolism, Machine learning, Ancestral character estimation
National Category
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Microbiology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292436DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008742ISI: 000617380400003PubMedID: 33556078Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85102221452OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-292436DiVA, id: diva2:1542012
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2016-06160Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research , ARC19-0051Novo Nordisk, NNF20OC0061469
Note

QC 20210406

Available from: 2021-04-06 Created: 2021-04-06 Last updated: 2025-02-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Adaptations and constraints associated with autotrophy in microbial metabolism
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Adaptations and constraints associated with autotrophy in microbial metabolism
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from human activities are driving climate change, but the pending crisis could be mitigated by a circular carbon economy where released CO2 is recycled into commodity chemicals. Autotrophic microbes can make a contribution by producing chemicals, such as biofuels, from CO2 and renewable energy. The primary natural CO2 fixation pathway is the Calvin cycle, in which the enzyme Rubisco carboxylates ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. The present investigation used computational systems biology methods to map adaptations and constraints in autotrophic microbial metabolism based on the Calvin cycle. First, the metabolic network of the Calvin cycle-capable photoautotrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis was contrasted with that of heterotrophic E. coli. Intracellular metabolite concentration ranges differed, leading to different capacity to provide thermodynamic driving forces to chemical production pathways. Second, the Calvin cycle in Synechocystis was modeled kinetically, showing that certain enzyme saturation and metabolite levels, for example high ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate concentration, were detrimental to stability. Control over reaction rates was distributed, but making certain enzymes faster, for example fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, could increase overall carbon fixation rate. Third, Synechocystis was starved of CO2 and ribosome profiling was used to track the effect on translation. Stress response and CO2 uptake were upregulated, but constant Rubisco expression and ribosome pausing in 5' untranslated regions indicated readiness for reappearance of CO2. Finally, microbial genomes with and without the Calvin cycle were contrasted, revealing metabolic, energetic, and regulatory adaptations that describe the properties of a functional autotroph. These findings provide a background for future study and engineering of autotrophs for direct conversion of CO2 into commodity chemicals.

Abstract [sv]

Utsläpp av koldioxid (CO2) från mänskliga aktiviteter driver klimatförändringarna, men den stundande krisen skulle kunna mildras av en cirkulär kolekonomi där CO2 som släpps ut återvinns till råvarukemikalier. Autotrofa mikrober kan bidra genom att producera kemikalier, såsom biobränslen, från CO2 och förnybar energi. Den primära naturliga syntesvägen för CO2-fixering är calvincykeln, i vilken enzymet Rubisco karboxylerar ribulos-1,5-bisfosfat. Undersökningen som ligger till grund för denna avhandling använde systembiologiska beräkningsmetoder för att kartlägga anpassningar och begränsningar i autotrof mikrobiell metabolism baserad på calvincykeln. För det första kontrasterades det metaboliska nätverket hos den calvincykelkapabla fotoautotrofa cyanobakterien Synechocystis med det hos heterotrofen E. coli. De intracellulära metabolitkoncentrationerna var olika, vilket ledde till olika kapacitet att bistå med termodynamisk drivkraft till kemiska syntesvägar. För det andra modellerades calvincykeln i Synechocystis kinetiskt, vilket visade att vissa enzymsatureringsnivåer och metabolitkoncentrationer, bland annat hög ribulos-1,5-bisfosfatkoncentration, motverkade stabiliteten. Kontroll över reaktionshastigheter var distribuerad, men ökning av hastigheten hos vissa enzymer, till exempel fruktos-1,6-bisfosfatas, skulle kunna öka den generalla kolfixeringshastigheten. För det tredje svältes Synechocystis på CO2 och ribosomprofilering användes för att följa effekten på translationen. Stressrespons och CO2-upptag uppreglerades, men konstant uttryck av Rubisco och pausning av ribosomer i de icketranslaterade 5'-regionerna indikerade beredskap för ett återuppträdande av CO2. Slutligen jämfördes mikrobiella genom med och utan calvincykeln, vilket avslöjade metaboliska, energetiska, och regulatoriska anpassningar som beskriver egenskaperna hos en funktionell autotrof. Dessa upptäckter ger en bakgrund för framtida studier och ingenjörsmässig design av autotrofer för direkt omvandling av CO2 till råvarukemikalier.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 96
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2021:11
Keywords
Autotrophy, Carbon fixation, CO2 fixation, Calvin cycle, CBB cycle, Bacteria, Archaea, Prokaryotes, Cyanobacteria, Synechocystis, E. coli, Comparative genomics, Metabolic engineering, Microbial metabolism, Machine learning, Systems biology, Ribosome profiling, Kinetic modeling, Enzyme kinetics, Metabolic models, Pathway enumeration, Biosynthesis pathways, Metabolomics, Metabolite concentrations, Thermodynamics, Autotrofi, Kolfixering, CO2-fixering, Calvincykeln, CBB-cykeln, Bakterier, Arkéer, Prokaryoter, Cyanobakterier, Synechocystis, E. coli, Jämförande genomik, Metabolisk ingenjörskonst, Mikrobiell metabolism, Maskininlärning, Systembiologi, Ribosomprofilering, Kinetisk modellering, Enzymkinetik, Metaboliska modeller, Syntesvägsuppräkning, Biosyntesvägar, Metabolomik, Metabolitkoncentrationer, Termodynamik
National Category
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292437 (URN)978-91-7873-814-4 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-05-07, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/64061878210, Solna, 13:00 (English)
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Note

QC 2021-04-07

Available from: 2021-04-07 Created: 2021-04-06 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved

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Asplund-Samuelsson, JohannesHudson, Elton P.

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