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An experimental-numerical screening method for assessing environmentally assisted degradation in high strength steels
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Solid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8203-6810
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Solid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2470-7679
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Solid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8408-8489
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Solid Mechanics. Ringhals AB, Ringhalsverket, S-43285 Väröbacka, Sweden..ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1498-5691
2021 (English)In: Engineering Fracture Mechanics, ISSN 0013-7944, E-ISSN 1873-7315, Vol. 245, article id 107572Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this work, an experimental-numerical screening method for studying the elastic-plastic properties in high strength steel subjected to environmentally assisted degradation due to hydrogen is proposed. The experiments were performed on single-edge-notch bend specimens loaded with a monotonic constant displacement rate, and the specimens were electrochemically hydrogen pre-charged and/or in-situ. A systematic investigation was conducted of the influence of current density, pre-charging time and loading rate on the fracture mechanical properties. It was found that the loading rate had the greatest effect on the J-R curves, and that the environmental ductile-to-brittle transition region was obtained in a less than a day of experimental time. In this transition region it was found from the fractography that the dominating mode of failure changed from dimple to dominating intergranular fracture.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2021. Vol. 245, article id 107572
Keywords [en]
Environmentally assisted degradation, Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, Lath Martensite, Electrochemical hydrogen charging, Fractography
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293002DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2021.107572ISI: 000633033200008Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85101139978OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-293002DiVA, id: diva2:1545612
Funder
VinnovaSwedish Energy AgencySwedish Research Council Formas
Note

QC 20210420

Available from: 2021-04-20 Created: 2021-04-20 Last updated: 2023-05-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. A Fracture Mechanics Approach to Study Hydrogen Embrittlement in High Strength Martensitic Steels
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Fracture Mechanics Approach to Study Hydrogen Embrittlement in High Strength Martensitic Steels
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

High strength steels that are subjected to hydrogen experience embrittlement where the mechanical properties are reduced, and premature failure of components may occur. Although the phenomenon has been recognized for over 150 years, it is not clear what drives embrittlement. The goal of this thesis has been to investigate hydrogen embrittlement in high strength martensitic steels by fracture toughness testing. Since a well-recognized standard to test a materials susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement is missing, the first step has been to develop an experimental-numerical method that produces reproducible results that can be transferred from laboratory to in-service components, which is presented in Paper I. Here it is seen that the environmentally driven ductile-to-brittle transition region in elastic-plastic fracture toughness depends on the hydrogen exposure time. The presented numerical evaluation approach removes the need to perform unloadings, and the results correlates well with standards. The proposed method is then applied to two different application areas presented in Paper II and Paper IV. In Paper II the proposed experimental method is utilized to develop a framework that can be used to study hydrogen kinetics ahead of a crack frontduring in-situ conditions for delayed hydrogen cracking using neutron imaging. In Paper IV, the experimental method is applied to specimens with different crack tip constraints to mitigate the gap between laboratory experiments and in-service components. It is seen that the environmentally driven ductile-to-brittle transition region is obtained for specimens with different constraints, and that both the plastic strains as well as the hydrostatic stress play a critical role in hydrogen embrittlement. The results from Paper I are used as the basis for the numerical framework presented in Paper III. Here, a conceptual modeling approach is adopted that incorporates two separate failure mechanisms observed in the experiments performed in Paper I. It is seen that both a ductile and brittle failure mechanism must be employed to capture the full range of crack extension resistance curves. Furthermore, to capture the slope of the degraded J-R curves, it is necessary to employ a degradation of fracture energy, the cohesive strength as well as the strain driven nucleation.

Abstract [sv]

Höghållfasta stål som utsätts väte upplever en försprödning där de mekaniska egenskaperna försämras som i sin tur kan leda till att komponenter går sönder långt innan dess livstid. Även om fenomenet har varit känt i över 150 år så är det inte klart vad som driver försprödningen.Målet med denna avhandling har varit att öka förståelsen för väteförsprödning i höghållfastamartensitiska stål. Eftersom en etablerad standard för provning på material som är känsliga för väteförsprödning saknas, har det första steget i avhandlingen varit att utveckla en experimentell numerisk metodik som ger reproducerbara resultat som i sin tur kan överföras från experiment gjorde i ett laboratorium till komponenter i drift. Förslag på ett första steg till denna metodik presenteras i Artikel I. Där observeras att det miljödrivna duktila-till-spröda övergångsområdetför den elastiskt-plastiska brottseghet erhålls för olika väteexponeringstider. Den föreslagn anumeriska utvärderingsmetoden gör det möjligt att eliminera behovet av att utföra avlastningarunder experimentets gång. Resultaten från denna metod korrelerar väl med standarder. Den föreslagna metoden appliceras sedan på två olika tillämpningsområden som presenteras iArtikel II och Artikel IV. I Artikel II används metoden för att utveckla ett ramverk som kan användas för att studera vätekinetiken framför en sprickspets under in-situ förhållanden vid fördröjd vätesprickning med neutronavbildning. I Artikel IV tillämpas den experimentella metoden på prover med olika crack tip constraints för att minska gapet för överförandet avresultat mellan laboratorieexperiment och komponenter i drift. I artikeln framgår det att den miljödrivna duktila-till-spröda övergångsregionen erhålls för samtliga provstavsgeometrier, samt att både de plastiska töjningarna och den hydrostatiska spänningen spelar en kritisk roll för väteförsprödning. Resultaten från Artikel I används sedan som grund för det numeriska modell som presenteras i Artikel III. Här presenteras en konceptuell modelleringsmetodik som innefattar två separata brottmekanismer som observerades i experimenten som presenteras i Artikel I. För att fånga upp hela spektrumet av J-R kurvor måste både en duktil och en sprödbrottmekanism användas. Dessutom för att fånga lutningen av de nedbrutna J-R-kurvorna, är det nödvändigt att använda en degradering av sprickenergi, kohesionsstyrkan såväl som den töjningsdrivna kärnbildningen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2023:28
National Category
Applied Mechanics
Research subject
Solid Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-326930 (URN)978-91-8040-607-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-06-09, Sal D2, Lindstedtsvägen 9, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 230516

Available from: 2023-05-16 Created: 2023-05-15 Last updated: 2023-06-13Bibliographically approved

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Halilovic, ArminFaleskog, JonasBoåsen, MagnusEfsing, Pål

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