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Isospin Properties of Nuclear Pair Correlations from the Level Structure of the Self-Conjugate Nucleus Ru 88
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1771-2656
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5110-4115
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0212-7497
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4401-4407
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2020 (English)In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 124, no 6Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The low-lying energy spectrum of the extremely neutron-deficient self-conjugate (N = Z) nuclide 88Ru has been measured using the combination of the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array (AGATA)spectrometer, the NEDA, and Neutron Wall neutron detector arrays, and the DIAMANT charged particle detector array. Excited states in 88 Ru were populated via the 54 Feð 36 Ar; 2nγÞ 88 Ru fusion-evaporationreaction at the Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL) accelerator complex. The observed γ-ray cascade is assigned to 88 Ru using clean prompt γ-γ-2-neutron coincidences in anticoincidence with the detection of charged particles, confirming and extending the previously assigned sequence of low-lying excited states. It is consistent with a moderately deformed rotating system exhibiting a band crossing at a rotational frequency that is significantly higher than standard theoretical predictions with isovector pairing, as well as observations in neighboring N > Z nuclides. The direct observation of such a “delayed” rotational alignment in a deformed N 1⁄4 Z nucleus is in agreement with theoretical predictions related to the presence of strong isoscalar neutron-proton pair correlations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Physical Society (APS) , 2020. Vol. 124, no 6
National Category
Subatomic Physics
Research subject
Physics, Atomic, Subatomic and Astrophysics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-294548DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.062501ISI: 000513242500002PubMedID: 32109090Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85080937122OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-294548DiVA, id: diva2:1555100
Note

QC 20220503

Available from: 2021-05-17 Created: 2021-05-17 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Experimental Studies of the Neutron Deficient Atomic Nuclei 88Ru and 87Tc, and the Diagonalization of the General Pairing Hamiltonian
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Experimental Studies of the Neutron Deficient Atomic Nuclei 88Ru and 87Tc, and the Diagonalization of the General Pairing Hamiltonian
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This doctoral thesis consists of two parts: the experimental study of the neutron-deficient atomic nuclei 88Ru and 87Tc, and the computational study on the diagonalization of general pairing Hamiltonian. In the first part, which constitutes the main content of the thesis, the low-lying excited states in the N = Z nucleus 88Ru and N = Z + 1 nucleus 87Tc were studied via fusion-evaporation reactions induced by 115 MeV 36 Ar ions bombarding6 mg/cm 2 thick metallic 54 Fe target foils at the Grand Accélérateur Nationald’Ions Lourds (GANIL), Caen, France. The prompt γγ-neutron and charged-particle coincidences from the de-excitation of the reactions were measured by the AGATA γ-ray spectrometer coupled to the auxiliary NEDA, Neutron Wall, and DIAMANT detector arrays. The results for 88 Ru confirmed and extended the previous level scheme to a tentative (14+) state. The constructed level structure exhibits a moderately deformed rotational behavior but shows a band crossing at a significantly higher rotational frequency compared with neighboring nuclei with N > Z. Such band crossings are associated with quasiparticle alignment within the standard isovector pairing scheme. The observation of a “delayed” rotation alignment in the deformed N = Znucleus is consistent with theoretical predictions related to the existence of strong isoscalar neutron-proton pair condensate. The yrast band in 87 Tc from the (9/2+) state to the (33/2+) state was established based on six mutually coincident γ-ray transitions. The constructed yrast band exhibits a sharp backbending at ~ω ≈ 0.50 MeV. In the odd-A isotonic chains around N = 44, approaching the N = Z line, the observed decrease in alignment frequency and increase in alignment sharpness were proposed as an effect of the enhanced isoscalar neutron-proton interactions. In addition to the yrast band in 87 Tc, six new mutually coincident γ-ray transitions were identified by comparing the γ-ray intensities in the spectra gated under different reaction channel selection conditions. The constructed level scheme was compared with shell model and TRS calculations. The results indicate that these low-lying states exhibit spherical behavior different from the previously identified oblate yrast band, and the band might be built on a (7/2 +1 ) ground state.

In the second part, an OpenMP parallel Fortran program, PairDiag, for the diagonalization of the general pairing Hamiltonian in deformed systems was developed. In the program, the ‘01’ inversion algorithm is used to generate the seniority-zero basis vectors; all the non-zero Hamiltonian matrix elements are evaluated “on the fly” by the scattering operators and a search algorithm; the matrix diagonalization is achieved by the Lanczos + QR algorithm. The PairDiag program is packaged in a Fortran module and can be easily used to replace the BCS approximation in other nuclear structure programs.

Abstract [sv]

Denna doktorsavhandling består av två delar: experimentella studier av de neutronfattiga atomkärnorna 8844Ru44 och 8743Tc44 och en beräkningsstudie av diagonalisering av Hamiltonfunktionen för parväxelverkan i ett mångkropparssystem. I denförsta delen, som utgör avhandlingens huvudsakliga innehåll, har de lägsta energitillstånden i kärnan rutenium-88 - med lika antal neutroner (N) och protoner (Z) -och kärnan teknetium-87 - med N=Z+1- studerats via fusionsreaktioner. Dessa inducerades av en argon-36-joner med kinetisk energi 115 MeV som fick bestråla tunnametallfolier av järn-54 (masstjocklek 6 mg/cm2) vid tungjonacceleratorlaboratorietGrand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), Caen, Frankrike. Gammafotoner, neutroner och lätta laddade partiklar som utsändes i reaktionerna detekteradesmed hjälp av γ-strålspektrometern AGATA, detektorsystemen NEDA, och NeutronWall samt detektorsystemet för laddade partiklar, DIAMANT. För atomkärnan 88Rukunde tidigare identifierade energitillstånd upp till spinn och paritet 8+ verifieras.Den rotationsliknande struktur som detta grundtillståndsband utgör kunde också utökas med ytterligare γ-övergångar och uppvisar en bandkorsning med en betydligthögre rotationsfrekvens jämfört med angränsande kärnor med N > Z. Sådana bandkorsningar är normalt sett förknippade med att par av kvasipartiklar (jfr. den s.k.BSC-teorin för parkorrelationer av isovektortyp) bryts och att deras spinn linjerarupp sig med kärnans rotationsriktning. Observationen av en “fördröjd” bandkorsning i den deformerade N=Z-kärnan överensstämmer med teoretiska förutsägelserom förekomsten av ett isoskalärt neutron-proton-parkondensat. Det starkast populerade, s.k. yraste, bandet av energitillstånd i atomkärnan teknetium-87 observeradessom en kaskad av sex γ-övergångar från tillståndet (33/2+1) ned till (9/2+1) Dennarotationsliknande struktur uppvisar en skarp bandkorsning vid rotationsfrekvensenω ≈ 0.50 MeV/~. I detta arbete noterades också att det i isotoniska kedjor av kärnor med udda masstal, runt N = 44, kan observeras skarpare bandkorsningar ochen systematisk minskning av bandkorsningsfrekvensen då neutrontal och protontalnärmar sig varandra. Detta föreslås vara en ny effekt av utökade isoskalära neutronprotoninteraktioner som uppstår i udda, deformerade atomkärnor nära N=Z-linjen.Förutom det rotationslika yraste bandet i 87Tc identifierades också sex nya ömsesidigt koincidenta γ-övergångar genom att jämföra γ-strålningsintensiteterna i spektrasom valts ut för olika kombinationer av detekterade partiklar. Det konstruerade nivåschemat jämfördes med skalmodell- och TRS-beräkningar. Resultaten tyder på attde tillstånd som sammanbinds av denna γ-kaskad kan utgöra grundtillståndsbandeti87Tc och att det har sfärisk karaktär medan det först identifierade rotationslikayraste bandet bygger på en nära oblat deformerad konfiguration.I andra delen av denna doktorsavhandling presenteras ett OpenMP parallelltFortran-program, PairDiag, som har utvecklats för diagonaliseringen av en generellHamiltonfunktion för parkorrelationer i deformerade system. I programmet användsinversionsalgoritmen “01” för att generera alla basvektorerna för senioritet noll. Allamatriselement skilda från noll utvärderas “i farten” av spridningsoperatorer och ensökningsalgoritm; matrisdiagonaliseringen uppnås med Lanczos + QR-algoritmen.PairDiag-programmet är förpackat i en Fortran-modul och kan lätt användas för attersätta BCS-approximationen i andra kärnstrukturberäkningsprogram

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 74
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2021:18
National Category
Subatomic Physics
Research subject
Physics, Atomic, Subatomic and Astrophysics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295002 (URN)978-91-7873-909-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-06-14, Via Zoom https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/67990107320?pwd=TTZ4UHRWR3hxYk1ORkJ5Q0g0T0N0Zz09, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-05-19 Created: 2021-05-18 Last updated: 2023-04-14Bibliographically approved
2.
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3. Gamma-ray Spectroscopy ofNeutron-rich 111 Mo, 85,87 Ge andSelf-Conjugate 88 Ru Far From Stability
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Gamma-ray Spectroscopy ofNeutron-rich 111 Mo, 85,87 Ge andSelf-Conjugate 88 Ru Far From Stability
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The neutron-deficient self-conjugate (N=Z) nucleus 8844 Ru 44 was populatedvia the heavy ion fusion evaporation reaction 54 Fe( 36 Ar, 2n) 88 Ru in an ex-periment performed at the GANIL accelerator laboratory in France. Usingthe AGATA γ-ray spectrometer together with ancillary detectors, promptγ − γ − 2n coincidence and charge particle anticoincidence analysis was per-formed for the low-lying energy spectrum of 88 Ru. The results confirm thepreviously assigned γ-ray cascade and extend it to the 14 + level. The levelscheme is consistent with a deformed rotational system. However, the rota-tional frequency of the alignment of the valence nucleons has a significantlyhigher value than what is predicted by theoretical calculations performedwithout isoscalar neutron-proton pairing. By including isoscalar pairing, anagrement is obtained with the experimentally observed delayed rotationalalignment.Excited states in the neutron-rich nuclei 109 Mo and 111 Mo were studiedfollowing nucleon knock-out reactions. Seven γ-ray transitions, some of themin prompt mutual coincidence, were identified for the first time in 111 Mo usingthe DALI2 and MINOS detector systems at the BigRIPS and ZeroDegree elec-tromagnetic fragment separator at the RIBF, RIKEN, Japan. Total Routhiansurface (TRS) and Particle-Plus-Rotor calculations have been performed toinvestigate the predicted shape coexistence and its effect on the structure ofnuclei in this region of the nuclear chart. Following the results of the calcula-tions, theoretical level schemes are proposed for positive and negative paritystates and compared with the experimental findings.Gamma-ray transitions have been identified for the first time in the ex-tremely neutron-rich (N = Z + 25) nucleus 87 Ge following nucleon knockoutreactions studied at the RIBF, RIKEN, Japan. Previously unknown γ-raytransitions between excited states in 85 Ge were also observed and placed ina tentative level scheme. The results are compared with large-scale shell-model calculations and potential energy surface calculations based on thetotal Routhian surface formalism. The neutron-rich titanium isotopes havebeen studied, and preliminary results are presented in this work. For the odd-even 57,59,61 Ti isotopes several gamma-ray transitions has been identified forthe first time. For the even-even isotopes 56,58,60 Ti the previously knowndecays from 2 + and 4 + spin-parity states, are confirmed with the currentpreliminary analysis.

Abstract [sv]

Den neutronfattiga atomkärnan 88 Ru, med lika antal protoner och neutroner,producerades genom fusion-evaporationreaktionen 54 Fe( 36 Ar, 2n) 88 Ru vid ett expe-riment som utfördes vid acceleratorlaboratoriet Grand Accélérateur National ďIonsLours (GANIL) i Frankrike. Den experimentella uppställningen bestod av gamma-spektrometern AGATA samt detektorsystem för detektion av neutroner och laddadepartiklar. Händelser bestående av prompta koincidenser av två gamma och två neu-troner och som är i antikoincidens med laddade partiklar analyserades för studier avlågt liggande energinivåer i 88 Ru. Resultaten konfirmerar den tidigare observeradegammakaskaden i 88 Ru och utökar kaskaden till en energinivå med spin och paritet14 + . Nivåschemat är konsistent med ett deformerat roterande system. Rotationsfre-kvensen för upplinjering av valensnukleonernas spin längs kärnans rotationsaxel äremellertid betydligt högre än vad som erhålls med teoretiska beräkningar gjorda utanisoskalära neutron-proton parkorrelationer. Genom att inkludera sådana parkorre-lationer erhålls en överensstämmelse med den experimentellt observerade fördröjdaupplinjerningen.Exciterade tillstånd i de neutronrika kärnorna 109 Mo och 111 Mo studerades ge-nom nukleon "knock-outreaktioner. Sju gammaövergångar, en del av vilka befannsvara i prompt koincidens med varandra, observerades för första gången i 111 Mo . Ex-perimentet utfördes med detektorsystemen DALI2 och MINOS och med de elektro-magnetiska fragmentspektrometrarna BigRIPS + ZeroDegree vid RIBF acceleratornvid RIKEN i Japan. Total Routhian Surface"(TRS) och partikel-rotor beräkningarutfördes för att undersöka den teoretiskt förutspådda samexistensen av olika kärnfor-mer och dess effekt på kärnstrukturen i detta område av nuklidkartan. Med hjälp avresultaten från beräkningarna kunde teoretiska nivåcheman för tillstånd med positivoch negativ paritet konstrueras, vilka jämfördes med de experimentellt observeradeenerginivåerna.För första gången observerades gammaövergångar i den neutronrika kärnan 87 Gegenom nukleon knock-out reaktioner vid experiment utförda vid RIBF, RIKEN. Ti-digare okända gammaövergångar mellan exciterade tillstånd i 85 Ge observeradesoch placerades i ett preliminärt nivåschema. Resultaten jämfördes med storskali-ga skalmodellsberäkningar samt med beräkningar av kärnornas potentialenergiytorbaserade på TRS-formalismen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 175
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2021:019
National Category
Subatomic Physics
Research subject
Physics, Atomic, Subatomic and Astrophysics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295319 (URN)978-91-7873-910-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-06-15, Live-streaming via Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_3ckLUuS_SA-oLOTdMvqM-A, 16:00 (English)
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Supervisors
Available from: 2021-05-20 Created: 2021-05-19 Last updated: 2022-07-08Bibliographically approved

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