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Optimizing serendipitous detections of kilonovae: cadence and filter selection
Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Phys, POB 26666, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates..
CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA..
Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8262-2924
Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
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2021 (English)In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ISSN 0035-8711, E-ISSN 1365-2966, Vol. 504, no 2, p. 2822-2831Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The rise of multimessenger astronomy has brought with it the need to exploit all available data streams and learn more about the astrophysical objects that fall within its breadth. One possible avenue is the search for serendipitous optical/near-infrared counterparts of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and gravitational-wave (GW) signals, known as kilonovae. With surveys such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), which observes the sky with a cadence of similar to 3 d, the existing counterpart locations are likely to be observed; however, due to the significant amount of sky to explore, it is difficult to search for these fast-evolving candidates. Thus, it is beneficial to optimize the survey cadence for realtime kilonova identification and enable further photometric and spectroscopic observations. We explore how the cadence of wide field-of-view surveys like ZTF can be improved to facilitate such identifications. We show that with improved observational choices, e.g. the adoption of three epochs per night on a similar to nightly basis, and the prioritization of redder photometric bands, detection efficiencies improve by about a factor of two relative to the nominal cadence. We also provide realistic hypothetical constraints on the kilonova rate as a form of comparison between strategies, assuming that no kilonovae are detected throughout the long-term execution of the respective observing plan. These results demonstrate how an optimal use of ZTF increases the likelihood of kilonova discovery independent of GWs or GRBs, thereby allowing for a sensitive search with less interruption of its nominal cadence through Target of Opportunity programs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press (OUP) , 2021. Vol. 504, no 2, p. 2822-2831
Keywords [en]
methods: observational, telescopes, neutron star mergers
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299174DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab1090ISI: 000659453800086Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85107930640OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-299174DiVA, id: diva2:1582842
Note

QC 20220413

Available from: 2021-08-04 Created: 2021-08-04 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Bulla, Mattia

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