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The Effect of Pure Oxygenated Biofuels on Efficiency and Emissions in a Gasoline Optimised DISI Engine
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Internal Combustion Engines.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9199-145x
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Internal Combustion Engines.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0705-2677
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Internal Combustion Engines. Department of Mechanical Engineering Thermal Energy, Technical University of Denmark-DTU, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2457-0257
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2489-0688
2021 (English)In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 14, no 13, p. 3908-, article id 3908Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The negative impact of transport on climate has led to incentives to increase the amount of renewable fuels used in internal combustion engines (ICEs). Oxygenated, liquid biofuels are promising alternatives, as they exhibit similar combustion behaviour to gasoline. In this article, the effect of the different biofuels on engine efficiency, combustion propagation and emissions of a gasoline-optimised direct injected spark ignited (DISI) engine were evaluated through engine experiments. The experiments were performed without any engine hardware modifications. The investigated fuels are gasoline, four alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n-butanol and iso-butanol) and one ether (MTBE). All fuels were tested at two speed sweeps at low and mid load conditions, and a spark timing sweep at low load conditions. The oxygenated biofuels exhibit increased efficiencies, even at non-knock-limited conditions. At lower loads, the oxygenated fuels decrease CO, HC and NOx emissions. However, at mid load conditions, decreased volatility of the alcohols leads to increased emissions due to fuel impingement effects. Methanol exhibited the highest efficiencies and significantly increased burn rates compared to the other fuels. Gasoline exhibited the lowest level of PN and PM emissions. N-butanol and iso-butanol show significantly increased levels of particle emissions compared to the other fuels

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2021. Vol. 14, no 13, p. 3908-, article id 3908
Keywords [en]
biofuels; renewable fuels; oxygenated fuels; DISI engine; efficiency; emissions; particle emissions; engine performance
National Category
Energy Systems Energy Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301958DOI: 10.3390/en14133908ISI: 000670980200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85109397700OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-301958DiVA, id: diva2:1594447
Projects
Framtida alternativa transportbränslen
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 41139-1
Note

QC 20210917

Available from: 2021-09-15 Created: 2021-09-15 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. The Effects of Oxygenated Fuels on DISI Engine Particle Emissions and Efficiency: Experimental investigation of the effects of oxygenated biofuels on particle emissions and engine performance
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Effects of Oxygenated Fuels on DISI Engine Particle Emissions and Efficiency: Experimental investigation of the effects of oxygenated biofuels on particle emissions and engine performance
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The transport sector is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions.Replacing fossil fuels with renewable fuels can help reduce the impact oftransportation on the climate. Liquid, oxygenated biofuels show great potentialas a replacement in spark-ignited engines, as they exhibit similarcombustion behavior to gasoline, and are compatible with existing infrastructure.This thesis aims to expand the knowledge on how oxygenated fuelsaffect emissions and performance in direct-injected spark-ignited (DISI) engines.Experiments on a gasoline optimised DISI engine at low and mid loadconditions, were conducted to establish how these fuels affect engine efficiency,combustion propagation, and emissions. A thorough investigationon how the particle emissions change with different fuels was also performed.The research evaluated five different oxygenated fuels in comparison to gasoline:ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, and methyl tert-butyl ether.The oxygenated fuels all increased engine efficiency, even at low loads wherethe engine was not knock limited. The most significant increase in efficiencywas observed for methanol, with up to 12% improvement in indicated thermalefficiency compared to gasoline. At low loads all oxygenated fuels decreasedthe emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monixde and nitrogenoxides. The results at mid load conditions show that fuels with lowvolatility will increase these emissions. The findings also indicate that fuelvolatility will have a more significant impact on the particle emissions levelsthan fuel oxygen content. This effect is more pronounced at lower enginespeeds and higher engine loads.This thesis work reveals great potential to use liquid, oxygenated biofuelsin DISI engines to decrease transport-associated carbon dioxide emissions.Even without engine modifications, oxygenated fuels yield improved engineefficiency compared to gasoline. Optimized injection for fuels with decreasedvolatility is needed to reduce emissions at higher engine loads.

Abstract [sv]

Transportsektorn är en stor bidragande faktor till utsläppen av växthusgaser. Därmed kan ersättningen av fossila bränslen med förnyelsebara bränslen bidra till att reducera transportsektorns inverkan på klimatet. Flytande oxygenerade biobränslen visar stor potential som ersättningsalternativ till bensin, eftersom de har liknande förbränningsegenskaper och är kompatibla med nuvarande infrastruktur. Målet med denna avhandling är att bidra till en ökad kunskap om hur oxygenerade bränslen påverkar emissioner och prestanda i direktinsprutade gnisttända (DISI) motorer. Experiment på en bensinoptimerad DISI motor utfördes för att fastställa hur dessa bränslen påverkar motorns verkningsgrad, flamutbredning, samt utsläppsnivåerna av emissioner. En grundlig undersökning av hur partikelemissionerna förändrades med olika bränslen genomfördes också. Fem olika oxygenarade bränslen undersöktes, och jämfördes med bensin: etanol, metanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, och metyl tert-butyl eter.

Alla de oxygenerade bränslena ökade motorns verkninsgrad, även vid lägre laster då motorn inte var begränsad av knack. Störst öking av verkningsgraden uppvisades då metanol användes som bränsle. Metanol ökade den indikerade termiska verkningsgraden med upp till 12% jämfört med bensin. Vid låga laster minskade emissionerna av oförbrända kolväten, kolmonoxid och kväveoxider vid användning av oxygenerade bränslen jämfört mot bensin. Medan vid medelhög last så ökade emissionerna för de bränslen som har låg flyktighet. De experimentella resultaten visar att bränslets flyktighet har högre inverkan på mängden partiklar som motorn släpper ut än bränslets syrehalt. Denna effekt är tydligare vid lägre varvtal och högre laster. Den här avhandlingen visar att användningen av flytande, oxygenerade bränslen i DISI motorer visar stor potential till att minska transportsektorns koldioxid utsläpp. De oxygenerade bränslena ökade motorns verkningsgrad i jämförelse med bensin, även optimering av motorn till dessa bränslen. Optimering av bränsleinsprutningen krävs för att minska emissionerna vid högre laster för bränslen med lägre flyktighet än bensin.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 233
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2021:41
Keywords
Biofuels, reneawable fuels, direct-injected engines, spark-ignited engines, particle emissions, engine efficiency, engine performance
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-303005 (URN)978-91-8040-009-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-10-29, Sal F3 - https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/63440825277, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-10-07 Created: 2021-10-04 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Publisher's full textScopushttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3908

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Larsson, TaraMahendar, SenthilChristiansen Erlandsson, AndersOlofsson, Ulf

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