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Homotopical decompositions of simplicial and Vietoris Rips complexes
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematics (Div.).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2665-9001
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.).
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematics (Div.).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6007-9273
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5528-5398
2021 (English)In: Journal of Applied and Computational Topology, ISSN 2367-1726, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 215-248Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Motivated by applications in Topological Data Analysis, we consider decompositionsof a simplicial complex induced by a cover of its vertices. We study how the homotopytype of such decompositions approximates the homotopy of the simplicial complexitself. The difference between the simplicial complex and such an approximationis quantitatively measured by means of the so called obstruction complexes. Ourgeneral machinery is then specialized to clique complexes, Vietoris-Rips complexesand Vietoris-Rips complexes of metric gluings.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2021. Vol. 5, no 2, p. 215-248
Keywords [en]
Vietoris-Rips complexesm, Metric gluings, Closed classes, Homotopy push-outs
National Category
Mathematics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-304028DOI: 10.1007/s41468-021-00066-2Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85126700757OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-304028DiVA, id: diva2:1605970
Note

QC 20211027

Available from: 2021-10-26 Created: 2021-10-26 Last updated: 2023-07-19Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Symplectic Embeddings and results in TDA
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Symplectic Embeddings and results in TDA
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis is a collection of work under the theme of “applied topology."  The linking idea behind seemingly disjoint fields is the existence of a filtration that one uses to study a space. In turn, given the ubiquitous nature of filtrations, applications range from theoretical fields (e.g. symplectic geometry) to applied fields (machine learning).

In paper A, we study when homological information of a simplicial complex can be determined from its components in the following manner: given a data cloud, partition the points in the cloud into two (or more) sets. Form separate simplicial complexes from these sets, and compare the homologies of these simplicial complexes from that of the simplicial complex formed from the point cloud itself. In applied topology, very rarely does a decomposition of a space yield information about the space itself - meaning that it is rare for a Mayer-Vietoris sequence to hold. We study “obstruction complexes" and show that in nice enough cases, there is a relationship between homological information of the space and its decomposition.

In paper B, we study a construction called “realisation" that we apply to posets. This enables the generation of a wealth of examples of posets that might not necessarily be the nonnegative reals in topological data analysis. We define various properties of these realizations, and in the end we link these properties to homological properties of the functors that are being studied.

In paper C, we study the classic evasion-path problem. This problem is well-known in robotics and machine learning, and more recently became of interest in the applied topology community through works of Krishnan and Ghrist in addition to work of Adams and Carlsson. The key point is that just studying homology and barcodes could not determine if an evasion path exists. We study a higher invariant, using tools of Goodwillie calculus to yield an obstruction to the existence of an evasion path.

In symplectic geometry, work has been done to try to use the filtration to study symplectic embeddings. The work in this thesis does not get to the direct relationship between the filtration and symplectic embeddings, but it does study the relationship between symplectic embeddings of ellipsoids and polydiscs in dimension four, yielding a rigid-flexible result similar to the one given by the famous nonsqueezing theorem. This is the topic of paper D. There is still much work to be done linking applied topology and symplectic geometry.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 39
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2022;21
National Category
Mathematics
Research subject
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-311340 (URN)978-91-8040-240-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-05-16, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/65222471069, F3, Lindstedtsvagen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 220427

Available from: 2022-04-27 Created: 2022-04-25 Last updated: 2022-11-28Bibliographically approved
2. Tame representations in Topological Data Analysis: decompositions, invariants and metrics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tame representations in Topological Data Analysis: decompositions, invariants and metrics
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis is a compilation of results that can be framed within the field of applied topology. The starting point of our study is objects presenting a possibly complex intrinsic geometry. The main goal is then to simplify, without trivializing, the geometric information characterising these objects by choosing an appropriate representation. Thus, besides being simple and compact, the chosen representation should maintain the wealth of features of the initial object.In Topological Data Analysis (TDA), this simplification process can be done by assigning to each geometric object a functor indexed by a suitable poset.The most important fact about these functors is that, under appropriate hypotheses on the geometric object, they are discretisable. Being discretisable in this context means that they can be finitely encoded by a finite poset mapping to the original indexing poset. It is then possible to make one step further by computing invariants for the representations obtained. Desirable features for such invariants are to be effectively computable and suitable to describe metrics on. Comparing them gives, in fact, a good approximation of the comparison of the underlying geometric objects which are our primary interest. 

Paper A studies decompositions of simplicial complexes that are induced by coverings of their vertices. These decompositions are inspired by data analysis where commonly the data is given by a distance space, to which a filtered simplicial complex can be associated. We study how the homotopy type of a decomposed complex differs from the initial one, both for generic and for metric simplicial complexes.

Another model to perform data analysis from a topological perspective is given by the theory of group equivariant nonexpansive operators.In Paper B, we show that such operators form a complementary tool to persistent homology in the context of TDA. We propose a categorical structure incorporating both models and then we study the functoriality of persistence. 

In Paper C we investigate suitable indexing posets for tame functors. The attention is focused on upper semilattices, which are particularly well suited for this purpose. Another class of posets that have similar properties to upper semilattices is the one of realisations, which we introduce here. Their similarities are both combinatorial, in particular concerning a notion of dimension that we introduce, and related to homological algebra for the tame functors indexed by them. In Paper C we also propose a method based on Koszul complexes to compute homological invariants for tame functors indexed either by upper semilattices or realisations. This question is then expanded in Paper D, where we study homological invariants relative to a chosen class of projectives, possibly different to the standard ones. We propose a framework to translate from the relative to the standard setting, where Koszul complexes are available to perform the computations. We also identify an obstruction for such translation to be possible and characterise it for several examples of relative projectives. 

In Paper E we study the geometrical properties of a well-established metric in 2-parameter persistent homology, called the matching distance. Motivated by the need for effectiveness in the computation of such metric, we study its geometric properties.In particular, we show how to take advantage of the differential geometric structure of the underlying objects to understand the properties of the metric. 

In Paper F we study the category of discretisable functors with values in non-negative chain complexes. In this category, we are particularly interested in cofibrant indecomposables, which require a model structure to be defined. Thus, we first identify a new class of posets indexing the functors for which a projective model structure exists and give a characterisation of cofibrant indecomposables there. In the case, the indexing poset is not of this type, we outline a technique to construct arbitrarily complicated cofibrant indecomposables.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling är en sammanställning av resultat inom tillämpad topologi.Utgångspunkten för vår studie är objekt som presenterar en möjligen komplex inneboende geometri.Huvudmålet är då att förenkla den geometriska informationen som kännetecknar dessa objekt, utan att trivialisera den.Således, förutom att vara enkel och kompakt, bör den valda representationen bibehålla rikedomen av egenskaper hos det ursprungliga objektet.I Topologisk Data Analys (TDA) kan denna förenklingsprocess göras genom att tilldela varje geometriskt objekt en funktor indexerad av en lämplig pomängd.Det viktigaste med dessa funktorer är att de är diskretiserbara under lämpliga antaganden om det geometriska objektet.Att vara diskretiserbar i detta sammanhang innebär att de kan ändligt kodas genom en finit pomängd-mappning till den ursprungliga indexeringspomängden.Det är då möjligt att ta ytterligare steg genom att beräkna invarianter av de representationer som erhålls.Önskvärda egenskaper för sådana invarianter är att vara effektivt beräkningsbara ochlämplig att beskriva metriker på.Att jämföra invarianterna ger då en bra approximation av jämföra de underliggande geometriska objekten, som är vårt primära intresse.

Artikel A studerar dekompositioner av simpliciala komplex som induceras av täckningar av deras hörn.Dessa dekompositioner är inspirerade av dataanalys där datan vanligtvis ges av ett metriskt utrymme, till vilket ett filtrerat simplicialt komplex kan associeras.Vi studerar hur homotopitypen för ett nedbrutet komplex skiljer sig från det initiala, både för generiska och för metriska simpliciala komplex.

En annan modell för att utföra dataanalys ur ett topologiskt perspektiv ges av teorin om gruppekvivarianta icke-expansiva operatorer.I Paper B visar vi att sådana operatörer utgör ett komplementärt verktyg till ihållande homologi i samband med TDA.Vi föreslår en kategorisk struktur som inkluderar båda modellerna och sedan studerar vi funktorialiteten av persistens.

I Paper C undersöker vi lämpliga indexeringspositioner för tama funktorer.Fokus ligger på övre semigitter, som är särskilt väl lämpade för detta ändamål.En annan klass av pomängder som har liknande egenskaper som övre semigitter är den av realisationer, som vi introducerar här.Deras likheter är både kombinatoriska, särskilt när det gäller en dimensionsuppfattning som vi introducerar, och relaterade till homologisk algebra för de tama funktorer som indexeras av dem.I Paper C föreslår vi också en metod baserad på Koszul-komplex för att beräkna homologiska invarianter för tama funktorer indexerade antingen med övre semigitter eller realisationer.Denna fråga utökas sedan i Paper D, där vi studerar homologiska invarianter i förhållande till en vald klass av projektiva objekt, möjligen olika de vanliga.Vi föreslår ett ramverk för att översätta från den relativa till standardfallet, där Koszul-komplex är tillgängliga för att utföra beräkningarna.Vi identifierar också ett hinder för att en sådan översättning ska vara möjlig och karakteriserar den för flera exempel på relativa projektiv.

I Paper E studerar vi de geometriska egenskaperna hos en väletablerad metrik i 2-parameter ihållande homologi, kallad matchningsavståndet.Motiverade av behovet av effektivitet vid beräkningen av sådan metrik studerar vi dess geometriska egenskaper.I synnerhet visar vi hur man drar fördel av den differentiella geometriska strukturen hos de underliggande objekten för att förstå metrikens egenskaper.

I Paper F studerar vi kategorin av diskretiserbara funktioner med värden i icke-negativa kedjekomplex.I den här kategorin är vi särskilt intresserade av kofibranter odelbara, som kräver en modellstruktur för att definieras.Sålunda identifierar vi först en ny klass av pomängder som indexerar de funktioner för vilka det finns en projektiv modellstruktur och ger en karakterisering av kofibranter som är odelbara där.Om indexeringsposen inte är av denna typ,vi skisserar en teknik för att konstruera godtyckligt komplicerade kofibranter odelbara.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 232
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2023:34
Keywords
topological data analysis, tameness, decompositions, invariants, metrics
National Category
Mathematics
Research subject
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-327362 (URN)978-91-8040-625-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-06-15, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26 & 28, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2023-05-25

Available from: 2023-05-25 Created: 2023-05-25 Last updated: 2023-06-13Bibliographically approved

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Chachólski, WojciechJin, AlvinScolamiero, MartinaTombari, Francesca

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