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Centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers in heavy-duty truck powertrains: Modelling, simulation and experimental investigations
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics, Marcus Wallenberg Laboratory MWL.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8335-0775
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The heavy-duty vehicle industry is facing big challenges to reduce CO2 emissions. Although electrification is on the rise, the combustion engine will used for some time to come. Unfortunately, CO2 reduction methods, such as downspeeding, down-sizing and increased cylinder gas-pressure, result in increased torsional vibrations and noise which must be addressed. Conventional torsional vibration reduction methods alone, such as the clutch-damper, will not suffice. The centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber (CPVA) is a torsional vibration reduction device that has not conventionally been used in heavy-duty vehicles and is herein investigated.This work presents analytical, simulation and experimental investigations of the CPVA. First, a model of a centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber with a general suspension architecture is derived with Kane's method. The model allows for different pendulum paths and relative rotation of the pendulum body with respect to the rotor. A normal-force friction loss of the pendulum is developed together with a measurement method to determine the friction coefficient. The measurement method may also be used to validate the pendulum model parameters without any special test-apparatus other than standard accelerometers and a data acquisition system. The developed CPVA model is then included in a torsional model of the complete powertrain including gas-pressure based excitation from the engine model. The powertrain model is developed to simulate transient and quasi-steady state conditions in the time-domain. Also, a continuous model of the end-stops of the pendulum are implemented which also facilitates the simulation.It is concluded that it is important to include the system dynamics of the powertrain in the final design of the CPVA. Also, by exploiting the frequency veering property of the CPVA, powertrain resonances can be completely eliminated.

Abstract [sv]

Den tunga fordonsindustrin står inför stora utmaningar för att minska koldioxidutsläppen. Även om elektrifieringen ökar, kommer förbränningsmotorn att användas under en tid framöver. Åtgärder för att minska koldioxidutsläppen från förbrännningsmotorn som down-speeding, down-sizing och ökad förbränningstryck resulterar i ökade torsionsvibrationer och buller från lastbilen. Konventionella metoder för att minska torsionsvibrationerna såsom torsionsdämparen i kopplingslamellen kommer inte att vara tillräcklig i framtida drivlinor för att uppnå vibrations och bullerkraven. Centrifugalpendelabsorbatorn (CPVA) är en anordning för att minska torsionsvibrationerna som konventionellt inte har använts i tunga fordon. I denna avhandling presenteras analytiska, experimentella och numeriska undersökningar av CPVA. Först härleds rörelseekvationerna av en generaell CPVA med Kanes metod. Pendelbanorna och den relativa rotation av pendelkroppen i förhållande till rotorn kan ljusteras i modellen. En friktionsförlust av pendelnrörelsen har utvecklats tillsammans med en mätmetod för att bestämma friktionskoefficienten. Mätmetoden kan också användas för att validera pendelmodellens parametrar utan någon speciell testapparat förutom standardaccelerometrar och datainsamlingssystem. Den utvecklade CPVA-modellen inkluderas sedan i en torsionssmodell av en drivlina med gastrycksbaserad excitation från motormodellen. Drivlinamodellen är utvecklad för att kunna simulera transienta och kvasi-stationära förlopp i tidsdomänen. Dessutom modelleras dämpningen i pendelns ändlägen med en continuerlig funktion vilket underlättar den numeriska simuleringen. Man kan dra slutsatsen att det är viktigt att inkludera drivlinans systemdynamik i den slutliga designen av CPVA. Genom att utnyttja centrifugalabsorbatorns "veering"- egenskap kan drivlinans resonanser helt elimineras.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. , p. 39
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2021:55
Keywords [en]
centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber (CPVA), powertrain, heavy-duty truck, driveline, transmission
National Category
Applied Mechanics
Research subject
Vehicle and Maritime Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-305582ISBN: 978-91-8040-096-1 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-305582DiVA, id: diva2:1618584
Public defence
2022-01-28, F3 https://kth-se.zoom.us/s/61911073280, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Sockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 42100-1Available from: 2021-12-10 Created: 2021-12-09 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Multiple-order excitation and response of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multiple-order excitation and response of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers
2018 (English)In: Proceedings of ISMA 2018 - International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering and USD 2018 - International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics, KU Leuven - Departement Werktuigkunde , 2018, p. 4305-4319Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The multiple-order response of a rotor equipped with a centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber (CPVA) is investigated in this study. CPVAs have been used in the abatement of torsional vibrations since the 1930s and have been extensively researched but seldom with a focus on the full multiple-harmonic response. Although the firing order in reciprocating engines dominates in amplitude, the higher-order harmonics have impact on driveline-related noise issues. This investigation is conducted in order to understand if an higher-order amplification can stem from the design of the CPVA or if this phenomenon is due an interaction between other powertrain components. Therefore, an isolated rotor-CPVA system is studied. The investigated rotor is subjected to an oscillating torque consisting of single- and multiple-order harmonics. The equations of motion are derived by Kane s method and the multiple-harmonic response of the system is analyzed. The linear steady-state response is compared with numerical time integration of the equations of motion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KU Leuven - Departement Werktuigkunde, 2018
Keywords
Centrifugation, Equations of motion, Harmonic analysis, Pendulums, Structural dynamics, Centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers, Higher order harmonics, Multiple harmonics, Oscillating torque, Powertrain components, Reciprocating engines, Steady-state response, Torsional vibration, Vibrations (mechanical)
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-305479 (URN)000467299107007 ()2-s2.0-85060371273 (Scopus ID)9789073802995 (ISBN)
Conference
28th International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, ISMA 2018 and 7th International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics, USD 2018, 17 September 2018 through 19 September 2018
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 42100-1
Note

QC 20211220

Available from: 2021-11-30 Created: 2021-11-30 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
2. Normal-force dependant friction in centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers: Simulation and experimental investigations
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Normal-force dependant friction in centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers: Simulation and experimental investigations
2021 (English)In: Journal of Sound and Vibration, ISSN 0022-460X, E-ISSN 1095-8568, Vol. 492, article id 115815Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A model of the normal-force dependant friction loss between the rotor and pendula is developed for bifilar centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers (CPVAs). The normal-force is dominantly dependant on the rotor rotational velocity but also dependant on the pendulum path. Simulation results of the pendulum with the proposed normal-force friction model agree well with novel experimental results. Order-response simulations of the rotor-CPVA model with the proposed friction model reveal accuracy improvements on the prediction of the rotor oscillation amplitude at different rotational velocities in comparison to existing friction formulations. Derivation of the equations of motion of the rotor-CPVA is performed by Kane's method and solved numerically. The developed experimental setup is used to validate the model parameters such as friction coefficients, path parameters and relative pendulum rotation without necessitating a special test-apparatus other than standard vibration measurement equipment. CPVAs are commonly used to reduce torsional vibration created by reciprocating engines. To reduce emissions, heavy-duty vehicles manufactures are downsizing and downspeeding the combustion engine while maintaining the power output. Unfortunately, this gives rise to increased torsional vibration in the powertrain. The CPVA is a device that can reduce the torsional vibration and thus help fulfill environmental goals.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Academic Press, 2021
Keywords
Centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber, Driveline, Friction, Heavy-duty truck, Kane's method, Powertrain, Reciprocating engine, Torsional vibration, Automobile manufacture, Centrifugation, Elastic waves, Engines, Equations of motion, Machine vibrations, Accuracy Improvement, Centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers, Experimental investigations, Friction coefficients, Heavy duty vehicles, Reciprocating engines, Rotational velocity, Pendulums
National Category
Applied Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290258 (URN)10.1016/j.jsv.2020.115815 (DOI)000617799700002 ()2-s2.0-85094827303 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210319

Available from: 2021-03-19 Created: 2021-03-19 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
3. Low rotational-speed aspects of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Low rotational-speed aspects of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers
2020 (English)In: Proceedings of ISMA 2020 - International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering and USD 2020 - International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics / [ed] Desmet, W Pluymers, B Moens, D Vandemaele, S, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Dept Werktuigkunde , 2020, p. 3053-3063Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The performance of the centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber (CPVA) is investigated in the low rotational-speed regime in the context of a heavy-duty combustion engine. With the given dimensions and properties of heavy-vehicle engines, special considerations must be taken into account in the analysis of the CPVAs in the low speed regime. In this study, bifilar-suspended pendula absorbers attached to the engine flywheel, tuned to absorb the main engine firing order, is modeled analytically. Friction damping is included in the pendulum model and the effects of the performance by varying the pendulum path curve is studied in the low rotational-speed regime. The low rotational-speed is due to engine down-speeding, resulting in excessive torsional vibration in the driveline. In order to maintain or improve NVH and fulfill legal requirements, the excess torsional vibration must be addressed to gain the emission benefits of down-speeding. Simulation and analysis of the CPVA behaviour is therefore paramount for heavy-vehicle manufacturers to understand and thus make well balanced decisions to fulfill environmental goals.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Dept Werktuigkunde, 2020
National Category
Applied Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296855 (URN)000652006003063 ()2-s2.0-85105819636 (Scopus ID)
Conference
2020 International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, ISMA 2020 and 2020 International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics, USD 2020, 7 September 2020 - 9 September 2020
Note

QC 20210614

Available from: 2021-06-14 Created: 2021-06-14 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
4. Torsional vibrations in heavy-truck powertrains with flywheel attached centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Torsional vibrations in heavy-truck powertrains with flywheel attached centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers
2022 (English)In: Mechanism and machine theory, ISSN 0094-114X, E-ISSN 1873-3999, Vol. 167, article id 104547Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A nonlinear centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber (CPVA) with normal-force dependant friction loss is investigated in a torsional model of a downspeeded powertrain of a heavy-truck. The engine model includes gas-pressure excitation and the existing pendulum model is extended to include a continuous formulation of end-stops at the end of the pendulum-path. Furthermore, the friction loss of the pendulum is experimentally determined. A pendulum-path parameter-study in the complete powertrain model is conducted to consider the effects of the system dynamics on the CPVA. It is shown that the performance of the CPVA is affected by the powertrain system-dynamics and thus important to consider in the design of the CPVA. Downspeeding of the engine by appropriate gearing of the driveline is a measure to decrease the CO2 emissions. However, downspeeding increases the torsional vibration and noise of the powertrain with conventional torsional vibration reduction methods. The CPVA can be used to reduce the torsional vibration and thus facilitate to reach environmental goals.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2022
Keywords
Centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber, Friction, Torsional vibration, Heavy-duty truck, Reciprocating engine, Powertrain
National Category
Applied Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-303029 (URN)10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2021.104547 (DOI)000696837100001 ()2-s2.0-85114810243 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20211026

Available from: 2021-10-26 Created: 2021-10-26 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
5. Powertrain shuffle-mode resonance suppression by means of flywheelmounted torsichrone centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Powertrain shuffle-mode resonance suppression by means of flywheelmounted torsichrone centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A flywheel mounted centrifugal pendulum absorber (CPVA) is designed to completely suppress the lowfrequency shuffle-mode resonance of a heavy-duty truck powertrain by exploiting the eigenfrequency veeringproperty of the CPVA. The shuffle-mode is excited by the half-order torque of a five-cylinder-engine ina downspeeded powertrain during cruising conditions. It is shown that the design of the CPVA may beperformed by linear analysis of the CPVA and powertrain system. The linear design is then validated by fullnonlinear simulations of the powertrain. A complete suppression of the shuffle-mode resonance is achievedwith relatively small total mass of the pendula which makes it highly possible to implement in practice.Downspeeding and downsizing of combustion engines, without sacrificing the power output, are methods toreduce emissions, although, resulting in increased noise and vibration using conventional vibration reductiontechnology. The CPVA is an order tuned device that can help to reduce the increased vibrations and thushelp to reduce the environmental impact of heavy-duty vehicles.

National Category
Applied Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-305577 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 42100-1
Note

QC 20211220

Available from: 2021-12-03 Created: 2021-12-03 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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