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Learning Behavior Trees with Genetic Programming in Unpredictable Environments
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Robotics, Perception and Learning, RPL. ABB Corporate Research.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Robotics, Perception and Learning, RPL. ABB Robotics.
ABB Corporporate Research Center Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1133-0884
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Robotics, Perception and Learning, RPL.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2078-8854
2021 (English)In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), IEEE, 2021, p. 459-4597Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Modern industrial applications require robots to operate in unpredictable environments, and programs to be created with a minimal effort, to accommodate frequent changes to the task. Here, we show that genetic programming can be effectively used to learn the structure of a behavior tree (BT) to solve a robotic task in an unpredictable environment. We propose to use a simple simulator for learning, and demonstrate that the learned BTs can solve the same task in a realistic simulator, converging without the need for task specific heuristics, making our method appealing for real robotic applications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2021. p. 459-4597
Keywords [en]
Behavior Trees, Genetic Programming, Mobile Manipulation
National Category
Computer graphics and computer vision
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-306057DOI: 10.1109/ICRA48506.2021.9562088ISI: 000765738803087Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85115858496OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-306057DiVA, id: diva2:1619721
Conference
2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, ID18-0096
Note

Part of proceedings: ISBN 978-1-7281-9077-8, QC 20230118

Available from: 2021-12-13 Created: 2021-12-13 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Learning Behavior Trees for Collaborative Robotics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Learning Behavior Trees for Collaborative Robotics
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis aims to address the challenge of generating task plans for robots in industry-relevant scenarios. With the increase in small-batch production, companies require robots to be reprogrammed frequently for new tasks. However, maintaining a team of operators with specific programming skills is only cost-efficient for large-scale production. The increase in automation targets companies where humans share their working environment with robots, expanding the scope of manufacturing applications. To achieve that, robots need to be controlled by task plans, which sequence and optimize the execution of actions. This thesis focuses on generating task plans that are reactive, transparent and explainable, modular, and automatically synthesized. These task plans improve the robot’s autonomy, fault-tolerance, and robustness. Furthermore, such task plans facilitate the collaboration with humans, enabling intuitive representations of the plan and the possibility for humans to prompt instructions at run-time to modify the robot’s behavior. Lastly, autonomous generation decreases the programming skills required for the operator to program a robot, and optimizes the task plan. This thesis discusses the use of Behavior Trees (BTs) as policy representations for robotic task plans. It compares the modularity of BTs and Finite State Machines (FSMs) and concludes that BTs are more effective for industrial scenarios. This thesis also explores the automatic and intuitive generation of BTs using Genetic Programming and Learning from Demonstration methods, respectively. The proposed methods aim to time-efficiently evolve BTs for mobile manipulation tasks and allow non-expert users to intuitively teach robots manipulation tasks. This thesis highlights the importance of user experience in task solving and how it can benefit evolutionary algorithms. Finally, it proposes the use of previously learned BTs from demonstration to intervene in the unsupervised learning process.

Abstract [sv]

Den här avhandlingen syftar till att ta itu med utmaningen att generera uppgiftsplaner för robotar i industriella scenarier. Med ökningen av småskalig produktion kräver företag att robotar omprogrammeras frekvent för nya uppgifter. Att upprätthålla en grupp operatörer med specifika programmeringsfärdigheter är dock endast kostnadseffektivt för storskalig produktion. Ökningen av automation riktar sig till företag där människor delar sin arbetsmiljö med robotar och utökar omfattningen av tillverkningsapplikationer. För att uppnå detta måste robotar styras av uppgiftsplaner som sekvenserar och optimerar utförandet av åtgärder. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att generera uppgiftsplaner som är reaktiva, transparenta och förklarbara, modulära och automatiskt syntetiserade. Dessa uppgiftsplaner förbättrar robotens autonomi, feltolerans och robusthet. Dessutom underlättar sådana uppgiftsplaner samarbetet med människor genom att möjliggöra intuitiva representationer av planen och möjligheten för människor att ge instruktioner vid körningstid för att ändra robotens beteende. Slutligen minskar autonom generering programmeringsfärdigheterna som krävs för att operatören ska kunna programmera en robot och optimerar uppgiftsplanen. Denna avhandling diskuterar användningen av beteendeträd (BTs) som policyrepresentationer för robotiska uppgiftsplaner. Den jämför moduleringen av BT och deterministiska tillståndsmaskiner (FSMs) och drar slutsatsen att BTs är mer effektiva för industriella scenarier. Denna avhandling utforskar också den automatiska och intuitiva generationen av BTs med hjälp av genetisk programmering och lärande från demonstrationsmetoder, respektive. De föreslagna metoderna syftar till att tidsmässigt utveckla BTs för mobila manipulationuppgifter och tillåta icke-experter att intuitivt lära robotar manipulationsuppgifter. Denna avhandling belyser vikten av användarupplevelsen i uppgiftslösning och hur den kan gynna evolutionära algoritmer. Slutligen föreslår den användningen av tidigare inlärda BTs från demonstration för att ingripa i den oövervakade inlärningsprocessen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. xi, 127
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2023:46
Keywords
Collaborative Robotics, Behavior Trees
National Category
Robotics and automation
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-327210 (URN)978-91-8040-594-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-06-12, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/64592198901, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20230523

Available from: 2023-05-23 Created: 2023-05-22 Last updated: 2025-02-09Bibliographically approved

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Iovino, MatteoStyrud, JonathanSmith, Christian

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