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Construction logistics in a multi-project context: coopetition among main contractors and the role of third-party logistics providers
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Construction and Facilities Management.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5612-0608
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Construction and Facilities Management.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2309-9958
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Construction and Facilities Management.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5744-9445
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management. Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1746-2637
2022 (English)In: Construction Management and Economics, ISSN 0144-6193, E-ISSN 1466-433X, Vol. 40, no 1, p. 25-40Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

As a part of supply chain management (SCM) initiatives to improve performance and productivity in construction projects, the use of construction logistics setups (CLSs) operated by third-party logistics (TPL) providers have increased. CLSs are often used in complex multi-project contexts, such as urban development districts, where extensive coordination of actors, resources, and activities is needed. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to investigate how main contractors engage in horizontal relationships with each other when coordinating activities and resources within and across projects in a multi-project context, and to investigate what role a TPL provider assumes when engaging in relationships with main contractors in a multi-project context. The findings are based on a case study of an urban development district with a mandatory TPL-operated CLS, and we apply the industrial network approach. In this multi-project context, the main contractors engage in coopetitive relationships, coordinating activities and resources within and across projects. The TPL provider coordinates actors, resources, and activities, facilitating smoother production by managing logistics and mediating coopetitive relationships. This can be understood as a multi-project coordination role and extends the role SCM can play in construction. In that role, a TPL provider can minimise tensions between coopetitive actors across a multitude of horizontal relationships and projects.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Informa UK Limited , 2022. Vol. 40, no 1, p. 25-40
Keywords [en]
Supply chain management; third-party logistics; industrial network approach; multi-project; coopetition
National Category
Construction Management Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Real Estate and Construction Management; Industrial Engineering and Management
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-306719DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2021.2012815ISI: 000729675700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85121428264OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-306719DiVA, id: diva2:1622231
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-20103
Note

QC 20220118

Available from: 2021-12-21 Created: 2021-12-21 Last updated: 2026-03-12Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Forced Business Relationships and Evolving Roles in Construction Projects: Scrutinising Third-Party Logistics Providers as the Holy Grail of Supply Chain Management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Forced Business Relationships and Evolving Roles in Construction Projects: Scrutinising Third-Party Logistics Providers as the Holy Grail of Supply Chain Management
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Construction projects are characterised by fragmented responsibilities, temporary relationships, and recurring coordination challenges that hinder productivity and limit opportunities for improvement. In recent years, construction logistics setups (CLSs) operated by third-party logistics (TPL) providers have been introduced as an organisational response to these challenges, offering potential improvements in logistics efficiency, predictability, and sustainability. As these setups become more common, particularly in dense urban environments, they introduce a new actor into the organisation of construction production. When the use of a CLS is mandated by clients or municipalities, contractors and suppliers are required to cooperate with the third-party logistics provider regardless of their own preferences. These externally imposed arrangements create forced business relationships that influence how coordination is organised, how interactions unfold, and how responsibilities and roles evolve over time. They also intersect with competitive conditions between contractors, adding an additional layer of complexity to coordination. Despite the growing use of TPL-operated CLSs, their implications for coordination and interorganisational relationships remain insufficiently understood.

The overall purpose of this thesis is to advance understanding of how third-party logistics providers, as a new type of actor managing logistics during production in construction projects, assume and enact roles that engage with and affect interorganisational relationships. The thesis comprises four appended papers, which together address the purpose through complementary empirical and analytical perspectives.

To address this purpose, the thesis draws on perspectives from supply chain management, the industrial network approach, and coopetition. These perspectives support an analysis of how coordination is formed through both formal arrangements and everyday interaction, how new actors become embedded and legitimate within existing networks, and how cooperation and competition coexist in relationships shaped by external mandates. The empirical foundation consists of two in-depth case studies of TPL-operated CLSs. One case concerns the refurbishment project of the university hospital in Linköping, and the other a stage with multiple housing developments in the urban development district “Stockholm Royal Seaport". Interviews, observations, and documentary material were used to analyse how roles, interactions, and tensions in the relationships between different actors developed over time.

The findings show that TPL providers influence coordination through responsibilities that extend beyond logistical tasks. Their involvement affects how activities are connected, how interdependencies are managed, and how the interactions between contractors are structured. Their roles change in response to expectations, formal mandates, and the practical challenges of coordinating contractors with differing priorities and working practices. In contexts where cooperation is externally imposed, their roles can shift between being perceived as supportive and necessary or intrusive. Their ability to build legitimacy, demonstrate competence, and adapt to contractors' practices is central, since coordination in construction is shaped more by ongoing interaction, negotiation, and adjustment than by formal control. Forced cooperation introduces both constraints and opportunities that influence how actors cooperate, interpret mandates, and stabilise working relationships over time.

Overall, the thesis contributes to the understanding of how new actors participate in the organisation of construction production under conditions of an external mandate. It shows that coordination develops through incremental and context-specific adaptations rather than through a complete integration of the supply network. It extends the industrial network approach by showing how actors position themselves and develop influence in loosely coupled networks through repeated interaction. It also enriches coopetition research by showing how cooperative and competitive dynamics shift within forced business relationships mediated by an intermediary. The thesis concludes by identifying implications for the governance of CLSs and by suggesting directions for future research on coordination, role development, and interorganisational dynamics in project-based contexts.

Abstract [sv]

Byggprojekt kännetecknas av fragmenterad organisering, temporära relationer och återkommande samordningsutmaningar som begränsar produktivitet och försvårar möjligheterna till förbättringar. Under de senaste åren har särskilda bygglogistiklösningar som drivs av tredjepartslogistiker införts som ett organisatoriskt svar på dessa utmaningar och erbjuder potentiella förbättringar av logistisk effektivitet, förutsägbarhet och hållbarhet. I takt med att sådana lösningar blir vanligare, särskilt i täta stadsutvecklingsprojekt, etableras tredjepartslogistikaktörer som en del av organiseringen av byggproduktionen. När dessa bygglogistiklösningar dessutom är obligatoriska genom krav från beställare eller kommuner innebär det att entreprenörer och leverantörer måste samarbeta med logistikaktören, oavsett egna preferenser. Detta skapar externt påtvingade affärsrelationer som påverkar hur samordning organiseras, hur interaktioner utvecklas och hur ansvar och roller förändras över tid. De samspelar även med konkurrensförhållanden mellan entreprenörer, vilket tillför ytterligare komplexitet till samordningen. Trots den ökande användningen av särskilda bygglogistiklösningar är deras implikationer för samordning och interorganisatoriska relationer fortfarande otillräckligt förstådda.

Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att öka förståelsen för hur tredjepartslogistiker, som en ny typ av aktör som hanterar logistik under produktionen i byggprojekt, antar och utformar roller som påverkar interorganisatoriska relationer. Avhandlingen omfattar fyra artiklar som tillsammans belyser syftet utifrån kompletterande empiriska och analytiska perspektiv.

För att uppnå detta syfte utgår avhandlingen från tre teoretiska perspektiv: supply chain management, industriellt nätverksperspektiv och coopetition. Dessa perspektiv möjliggör en analys av hur samordning formas genom både formella arrangemang och vardaglig interaktion, hur nya aktörer etableras och får betydelse i befintliga nätverk, och hur samarbete och konkurrens samexisterar i relationer som präglas av externa krav. Det empiriska underlaget består av två kvalitativa fallstudier av särskilda bygglogistiklösningar. Det ena fallet avser ombyggnadsprojektet av universitetssjukhuset i Linköping och det andra en etapp med flera bostadsprojekt i stadsutvecklingsområdet Norra Djurgårdsstaden i Stockholm. Intervjuer, observationer och dokumentation användes för att analysera hur roller, interaktioner och spänningar mellan aktörer utvecklades över tid.

Resultaten visar att tredjepartslogistiker påverkar samordningen i byggprojekt genom ansvar som sträcker sig bortom rena logistikuppgifter. Deras medverkan påverkar hur aktiviteter kopplas samman, hur beroenden hanteras och hur interaktioner mellan entreprenörer struktureras. Deras roller förändras i relation till förväntningar, formella mandat och de praktiska utmaningarna i att samordna entreprenörer med olika prioriteringar och arbetssätt. I sammanhang där samarbete är externt påtvingat kan logistikaktörens roll uppfattas som stödjande, nödvändig eller störande. Deras förmåga att bygga legitimitet, visa kompetens och anpassa sig till entreprenörernas arbetssätt är central eftersom samordning i byggproduktion formas mer av fortlöpande interaktion, förhandling och anpassning än av formell styrning. Påtvingat samarbete innebär både begränsningar och möjligheter som påverkar hur aktörer samverkar, tolkar krav och stabiliserar affärsrelationer över tid.

Sammantaget bidrar avhandlingen till ökad förståelse för hur nya aktörer deltar i organiseringen av byggproduktion under förutsättningar av externt mandat. Den visar att samordning utvecklas genom stegvisa och kontextspecifika anpassningar snarare än genom fullständig integration av försörjningskedjan. Studien vidareutvecklar det industriella nätverksperspektivet genom att belysa hur aktörer positionerar sig och får inflytande i löst kopplade nätverk genom återkommande interaktion. Den bidrar även till forskning om coopetition genom att visa hur dynamiken mellan samarbete och konkurrens förändras i påtvingade affärsrelationer där en mellanhand hanterar samordningen. Avhandlingen avslutas med att diskutera implikationer för styrningen av särskilda bygglogistiklösningar och föreslår framtida forskning kring samordning, rollutveckling och interorganisatorisk dynamik i byggprojektbaserade sammanhang.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2026. p. 92
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 261
Keywords
Construction logistics, third-party logistics, construction logistics setups, forced business relationships, interorganisational relationships, supply chain management, industrial network approach, coopetition, role development, project-based organising, Bygglogistik, tredjepartslogistik, bygglogistiklösningar, påtvingade affärsrelationer, interorganisatoriska relationer, supply chain management, coopetition, rollutveckling, projektbaserad organisering
National Category
Business Administration Construction Management Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Real Estate and Construction Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-376500 (URN)978-91-8106-533-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-03-20, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, KTH Campus, public video conference link https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/63971455700, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016–20103
Note

QC 20260223

Available from: 2026-02-23 Created: 2026-02-17 Last updated: 2026-03-02Bibliographically approved

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Ekeskär, AndreasHavenvid, Malena IngemanssonKarrbom Gustavsson, TinaEriksson, Per-Erik

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