kth.sePublications KTH
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Light Scattering Effects in Transparent Wood Biocomposites
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Transparent wood (TW) shows interesting optical properties and offers a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based polymer glasses. The influence of the TW internal structure (e.g. fiber alignment, volume fraction of cellulose, lignin content, defects from preparation process) on the optical properties is poorly understood, which limits its use in various applications. It is also true for transparent cellulose biocomposites in general. In this thesis, eco-friendly TW biocomposites are investigated. The work focuses on experimental characterization, structure-optical property relationships and possibilities to quantify such relationships.  

                TWs made of delignified wood substrates with longitudinal direction of the tree parallel to the specimen surface are prepared. Relationships between anisotropic scattering and fiber alignment are studied by scattering angle measurement. Anisotropic photons distributions are compared between two fiber directions and various sample thicknesses. Next, attenuation coefficients (related to the anisotropic diffusion coefficients and absorption coefficient) for TWs are obtained by combining the photon diffusion equation with total transmittance measurements. The results indicate strong influence from the air gaps between wood substrate phase and polymer in the lumen pores on the scattering. Beside the airgaps between wood substrate and polymer, refractive index mismatch between polymer and wood substrate strongly influences the scattering. Thus, immersion liquid method (based on the total transmittance measurement) combined with a light transmission model (based on Fresnel reflection theory) is applied to estimate the refractive index of the delignified wood substrate. This facilitates TW design (i.e. the proper polymer selection for various applications) and modelling of the optical properties of delignified wood based transparent materials. Finally, extinction coefficients, Rayleigh scattering and absorption coefficients of TW are extracted from photon budget measurements combined with a light diffusion model developed. With higher volume fraction of cellulose, all these parameters are increased, although polymer-cellulose refractive index mismatch is the dominating factor controlling transmittance. The strong forward scattering in TW is analysed, and Rayleigh scattering has a strong effect on haze. The influence of lignin content on the absorption coefficient is also discussed.

Abstract [sv]

Transparent trä (TW) har intressanta optiska egenskaper och erbjuder ett hållbart alternativ till petroleumbaserade polymerer. Förståelsen för inverkan av mikrostruktur hos TW (t.ex. fiberinriktning, volymandel av cellulosa, ligninhalt, defekter från beredningsprocessen) på de optiska egenskaperna är ofullständig, vilket begränsar dess användning i olika tillämpningar. Det gäller också generellt för transparenta cellulosabiokompositer. I denna avhandling studeras miljövänliga TW biokompositer, med fokus på experimentell karakterisering, samband mellan struktur och optiska egenskaper samt möjligheterna att kvantifiera sådana samband.

                TW baserade på delignifierade träsubstrat har i denna studie trädets fiberriktning parallell med provytan. Samband mellan anisotrop ljusspridning och fiberorientering studeras genom mätning av spridningsvinkel. Anisotropa fotonfördelningar jämförs mellan två fiberriktningar och olika provtjocklekar. Därefter erhålls koefficienter för ”attenuering” (försvagning), som är relaterade till de anisotropa diffusionskoefficienterna och absorptionskoefficienten för TW. De bestäms genom att kombinera en modell för fotondiffusion med mätningar av total optisk transmittans. Resultaten indikerar en stark påverkan på ljusspridningen av luftspalter mellan träsubstrat och polymer i lumen, som är en form av debondsprickor. Utöver debondsprickor mellan träsubstrat och polymer, så påverkas ljusspridningen även av skillnaden i brytningsindex mellan polymer och träsubstrat. Av det skälet utvecklas en metod för att mäta brytningsindex hos träsubstratet. Det porösa substratet sänks ned i en vätska med känt brytningsindex och optisk transmittans mäts och kombineras med en modell för ljustransmission baserad på fresnelreflektion. Goda data för träsubstratets brytningsindex underlättar vid formgivning av TW biokompositer (dvs. rätt polymerval för olika applikationer) och är också viktigt för modellering av de optiska egenskaperna hos transparenta material från delignifierat trä. I avhandlingens sista del kombineras en modell för ljusdiffusion med systematiska mätningar av ljusspridning, reflektion och transmittans hos olika materialprover. Data för ”extinktionskoefficienter”, Rayleigh-spridning och absorptionskoefficienter kan bestämmas, liksom hela fotonbudgeten för materialet. Med högre volymfraktion av cellulosa ökar värdena för alla dessa parametrar, även om skillnaden i brytningsindex mellan polymer och cellulosa är den dominerande faktorn som styr transmittansen. Den starka ljusspridningen framåt (”haze”) i TW analyseras, och även Rayleighspridningen har en stor effekt på ljusspridning. Ligninhaltens inverkan på absorptionskoefficienten diskuteras också.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. , p. 45
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2022:5
Keywords [en]
Transparent wood, cellulose, biocomposite, light transmission, anisotropic scattering, Rayleigh scattering, photon budget, photon diffusion theory, light-transparent wood interaction
Keywords [sv]
Transparent trä, cellulosa, biokomposit, ljustransmission, anisotropisk spridning, Rayleigh-spridning, fotonbudget, fotondiffusionsteori, ljus-transparent trä interaktion
National Category
Physical Sciences Bio Materials Composite Science and Engineering
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-307403ISBN: 978-91-8040-113-5 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-307403DiVA, id: diva2:1631857
Public defence
2022-02-25, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
EU, European Research Council, 742733Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Note

QC 2022-01-26

Available from: 2022-01-26 Created: 2022-01-25 Last updated: 2022-09-19Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Light Scattering by Structurally Anisotropic Media: A Benchmark with Transparent Wood
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Light Scattering by Structurally Anisotropic Media: A Benchmark with Transparent Wood
Show others...
2018 (English)In: Advanced Optical Materials, ISSN 2162-7568, E-ISSN 2195-1071, Vol. 6, no 23, article id 1800999Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Transparent wood (TW) is a biocomposite material with hierarchical structure, which exhibits high optical transmittance and anisotropic light scattering. Here, the relation between anisotropic scattering and the internal structure of transparent wood is experimentally studied and the dependence of scattering anisotropy on material thickness, which characterizes the fraction of ballistic photons in the propagating light, is shown. The limitations of the conven-tional haze, as it is implemented to isotropic materials, are discussed, and a modified characteristic parameter of light scattering—the degree of aniso-tropic scattering is defined. This parameter together with the transport mean free path value is more practical and convenient for characterization of the material scattering properties. It is believed that the generic routine described in this paper can be applied for scattering characterization and comparison of other TW materials of either different thickness, optical quality or based on various wood species.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2018
Keywords
anisotropic scattering, biocomposites, hierarchical structure, nanocellulose, transparent wood
National Category
Condensed Matter Physics Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239314 (URN)10.1002/adom.201800999 (DOI)000453512700015 ()2-s2.0-85055276864 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, European Research Council, 742733Swedish Research Council, 621-2012-4421
Note

QC 20181126

Available from: 2018-11-20 Created: 2018-11-20 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
2. Thickness Dependence of Optical Transmittance of Transparent Wood: Chemical Modification Effects
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Thickness Dependence of Optical Transmittance of Transparent Wood: Chemical Modification Effects
Show others...
2019 (English)In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 11, no 38, p. 35451-35457Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Transparent wood (TW) is an emerging optical material combining high optical transmittance and haze for structural applications. Unlike nonscattering absorbing media, the thickness dependence of light transmittance for TW is complicated because optical losses are also related to increased photon path length from multiple scattering. In the present study, starting from photon diffusion equation, it is found that the angle-integrated total light transmittance of TW has an exponentially decaying dependence on sample thickness. The expression reveals an attenuation coefficient which depends not only on the absorption coefficient but also on the diffusion coefficient. The total transmittance and thickness were measured for a range of TW samples, from both acetylated and nonacetylated balsa wood templates, and were fitted according to the derived relationship. The fitting gives a lower attenuation coefficient for the acetylated TW compared to the nonacetylated one. The lower attenuation coefficient for the acetylated TW is attributed to its lower scattering coefficient or correspondingly lower haze. The attenuation constant resulted from our model hence can serve as a singular material parameter that facilitates cross-comparison of different sample types, at even different thicknesses, when total optical transmittance is concerned. The model was verified with two other TWs (ash and birch) and is in general applicable to other scattering media.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2019
Keywords
transparent wood, transmittance, photon diffusion equation, attenuation coefficient, anisotropic scattering
National Category
Physical Sciences
Research subject
Physics, Material and Nano Physics; Physics, Material and Nano Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262791 (URN)10.1021/acsami.9b11816 (DOI)000488322900100 ()31483595 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85072687041 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, European Research Council, 742733
Note

QC 20191022

Available from: 2019-10-22 Created: 2019-10-22 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
3. Refractive index of delignified wood for transparent biocomposites
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Refractive index of delignified wood for transparent biocomposites
Show others...
2020 (English)In: RSC Advances, E-ISSN 2046-2069, Vol. 10, p. 40719-40724Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Refractive index (RI) determination for delignified wood templates is vital for transparent wood composite fabrication. Reported RIs in the literature are based on either single plant fibers or wood powder, measured by the immersion liquid method (ILM) combined with mathematical fitting. However, wood structure complexity and the physical background of the fitting were not considered. In this work, RIs of delignified wood templates were measured by the ILM combined with a light transmission model developed from the Fresnel reflection/refraction theory for composite materials. The RIs of delignified balsa wood are 1.536 ± 0.006 and 1.525 ± 0.008 at the wavelength of 589 nm for light propagating perpendicular and parallel to the wood fiber direction, respectively. For delignified birch wood, corresponding values are 1.537 ± 0.005 and 1.529 ± 0.006, respectively. The RI data for delignified wood scaffolds are important for tailoring optical properties of transparent wood biocomposites, and also vital in optical properties investigations by theoretical modelling of complex light propagation in transparent wood and related composites. The developed light transmission model in combination with the immersion liquid method can be used to determine the RI of complex porous or layered solid materials and composites.

National Category
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics Composite Science and Engineering Bio Materials
Research subject
Physics, Optics and Photonics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288939 (URN)10.1039/D0RA07409H (DOI)000588975500014 ()35519221 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85096226311 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210118

Available from: 2021-01-18 Created: 2021-01-18 Last updated: 2022-09-23Bibliographically approved
4. Photon Walk in Transparent Wood: Scattering and Absorption in Hierarchically Structured Materials
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Photon Walk in Transparent Wood: Scattering and Absorption in Hierarchically Structured Materials
Show others...
2022 (English)In: Advanced Optical Materials, ISSN 2162-7568, E-ISSN 2195-1071, article id 2102732Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The optical response of hierarchical materials is convoluted, which hinders their direct study and property control. Transparent wood (TW) is an emerging biocomposite in this category, which adds optical function to the structural properties of wood. Nano- and microscale inhomogeneities in composition, structure and at interfaces strongly affect light transmission and haze. While interface manipulation can tailor TW properties, the realization of optically clear wood requires detailed understanding of light-TW interaction mechanisms. Here we show how material scattering and absorption coefficients can be extracted from a combination of experimental spectroscopic measurements and a photon diffusion model. Contributions from different length scales can thus be deciphered and quantified. It is shown that forward scattering dominates haze in TW, primarily caused by refractive index mismatch between the wood substrate and the polymer phase. Rayleigh scattering from the wood cell wall and absorption from residual lignin have minor effects on transmittance, but the former affects haze. Results provide guidance for material design of transparent hierarchical composites towards desired optical functionality; we demonstrate experimentally how transmittance and haze of TW can be controlled over a broad range.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley, 2022
National Category
Physical Sciences Bio Materials Composite Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-307402 (URN)10.1002/adom.202102732 (DOI)000769582700001 ()2-s2.0-85125315413 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, European Research Council, 742733Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Note

QC 20220125

Available from: 2022-01-25 Created: 2022-01-25 Last updated: 2022-09-23Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

summary(6182 kB)2711 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 6182 kBChecksum SHA-512
95605357c730ed958036f5c0c86afb9620a8f5dc369b78602fc118c7b77b641a6060364b1fd55038f3a8ccda0279a70a344b4d780d32590186a256a7cfc1a918
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Authority records

Chen, Hui

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Chen, Hui
By organisation
BiocompositesWallenberg Wood Science Center
Physical SciencesBio MaterialsComposite Science and Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 2712 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 1352 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf