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Spatial mapping of bacteria and transcriptomes
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3545-5489
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Novel insights into biological functions and mechanisms, cell networks and evolutionary relationships are gained through development of sequencing technologies and sequencing based applications. Massively parallel sequencing has enabled analysis of big data at gene and protein expression levels, but has also characterized bacterial communities. Additionally, different technological advancements enabled us to track those expression changes in single cells, to reveal insights into rare cell populations, or with added spatial resolution, to explore highly complex environments such as tissues. This thesis gives an overview of different technical, biological and computational methods used in genomics today with a specific focus on spatial techniques for detailed tissue characterization. This is followed by a chapter summarizing recent scientific contributions made by the author that have been included as part of this thesis. In Paper I, 16S sequencing was used to study the diversity and composition of bacterial communities with specific focus on the aerodigestive microbiome in children who had undergone a lung transplant. Potential connections between the microbiome and irregular gastric muscle movements were also examined. Patients with a lung transplant had significantly lower microbial diversity in the gastric and oropharyngeal sites as compared to controls, however, lung transplant recipients showed similar bacterial compositions, independent of motility status. Samples in the lung transplant patient group were in general dominated by Staphylococcaceae but Streptococcus, Prevotella and Veillonella were common in the gastric and oropharyngeal samples. Next, an automated method for simultaneous spatial analysis of both gene and antibodybased protein expression in tissue sections, named SM-Omics, was developed in Paper II. SM-Omics enabled simultaneous detection of proteins, by using either immunofluorescence or DNAbarcoded antibodies, and analysis of the spatial transcriptome in the same tissue section. SM-Omics was applied to the mouse brain and spleen and obtained correlated spatial patterns between respective gene and antibody measurements. The method allowed processing of up to 64 in situ spatial reactions or up to 96 sequencing-ready libraries, of high complexity, in a ~2 days process. The spatial host-microbiome sequencing method, presented in Paper III, was used to concurrently study the spatial environment created between bacteria and host cells within a tissue section. Using spatial host-microbiome sequencing, colonic sections from three different mouse models were examined by simultaneous in situ capture of both mRNA and 16S sequences, followed by sequencing and taxonomic assignment of bacterial 16S sequences using a deep learning model. ~17,000 genes and 39 bacteria genera across 16 different morphological regions were quantitatively assessed in the mouse colon. We reported specific genera in the interfold and lumen regions of the colon, as well as spatially variable genes across 100 tissue sections. To better understand genotype-relevant changes impacted by bacterial presence, we defined cell-type specific interactions described with sets of activated pathways. Finally, consecutive tissue sections of multiple synovial biopsies from patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis were processed using the Spatial Transcriptomics method and sequenced in Paper IV. The alignment and transformation of the consecutive tissue sections enabled spatial profiling in 3D of genes and cell types within the biopsies. Spatially variable gene expression patterns revealed clusters radially distributed around organized structures of infiltrating leukocytes (TLOs). In patients with developed TLOs, these structures contained proinflammatory B cells, while the surrounding areas were high in fibroblasts.

Abstract [sv]

Utvecklingen av sekvensering-teknologier och applikationer som baseras på sekvensering, har lett till ny förståelse av biologiska funktioner och mekanismer, cell-nätverk och evolutionära samband. Massively parallel sequencing har möjliggjort analys av big data som behandlar gen och proteinuttryck, men också för karakterisering av bakteriella samhällen. Olika tekniska framsteg har dessutom tillåtit oss att studera dessa uttryck i individuella celler, få en ökad förståelse av sällsynta cellpopulationer och adderat den rumslig upplösningen, för att undersöka mycket komplexa miljöer såsom vävnader. Den här avhandlingen börjar med en överblick av olika tekniska, biologiska och datorbaserade metoder som används inom genomik idag, med ett speciellt fokus på tekniker som genererar en rumslig upplösning för detaljerad beskrivning av vävnader. Efter detta följer ett kapitel som summerar författarens senaste vetenskapliga bidrag som är en del av denna avhandling. I Artikel I användes 16S-sekvensering för att studera diversitet och sammansättning av bakteriella samhällen. Fokus var på mikrobiomet i luft- och matspjälkningskanalen hos barn med lungtransplantation. Potentiella samband mellan mikrobiomet och störningar i mag-tarmkanalens rörelser studerades också. Patienter med lungtransplantation hade signifikant lägre mikrobiell diversitet i magen och halsen. Dock visade sig denna grupp även ha liknande bakteriell sammansättning, oberoende av mag-tarmkanalens rörelser. Patienterna dominerades av Staphylococcaceae men Streptococcus, Prevotella och Veillonella var vanligt förekommande i magen och halsen. Vidare presenteras utvecklingen av SM-Omics i Artikel II, en automatiserad metod för simultan rumslig analys av både gener och antikroppsbaserat proteinuttryck i vävnadssnitt. SM-Omics möjliggjorde simultan detektion av proteiner, genom att använda antingen immunofluorescens eller DNA-märkta antikroppar, och analys av den rumsliga upplösningen av transkriptomet i samma vävnadssnitt. SM-Omics applicerades på mushjärna och musmjälte och uppnådde korrelerade rumsliga mönster mellan respektive gen- och protein-uttryck och DNAmärkta antikroppsmätningar. Metoden möjliggör framställning av upp till 64 in situ-reaktioner med rumslig upplösning eller upp till 96 sekvenseringsbara bibliotek, av hög komplexitet, på ~2 dagar. Spatial host-microbiome sequencing, som presenteras i Artikel III, är en metod som används för att studera den rumsliga miljön som skapats mellan bakterier och värdceller inuti ett vävnadssnitt. Genom användning av Spatial host-microbiome sequencing kunde simultan in situinfångning av både mRNA och 16S-sekvenser från vävnadssnitt av tjocktarmen från tre olika musmodeller erhållas och sekvenseras. En deep learning-modell användes för att taxonomiskt identifiera 16S-sekvenserna. ~17000 gener och 39 bakteriella släkten var kvantitativt analyserade i 16 olika morfologiska regioner i mustarmen. Vi identifierade specifika släkten i tarmens hålrum och rumsliga variationer i genuttrycket i 100 vävnadssnitt. För att bättre förstå eventuell bakteriell påverkan på genotypiska skillnader, definierade vi celltyps-specifika interaktioner genom att beskriva aktiverade nätverk. Slutligen, konsekutiva vävnadssnitt från multipla biopsier av synovialled från patienter med ledgångsreumatism var preparerade med Spatial Transcriptomics-metoden och sekvenserade i Artikel IV. Justering och transformation av de konsekutiva vävnadssnitten möjliggjorde rumslig profilering i 3D av gener och celltyper inom biopsierna. Rumsliga variationer i genuttrycket påvisade radiellt distribuerade kluster runt organiserade strukturer med infiltrerande vita blodkroppar (TLOs). Hos patienter med utvecklade TLOs, innehöll dessa strukturer proinflammatoriska B-celler, medan omgivande områden innehöll många fibroblaster.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Universitetsservice US-AB , 2022. , p. 64
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2022:18
Keywords [en]
spatial transcriptomics, 16S sequencing, antibody-based measurements
Keywords [sv]
spatiell transkriptomik, 16S-sekvensering, antikroppsbaserade mätningar
National Category
Biochemistry Molecular Biology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-310604ISBN: 978-91-8040-153-1 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-310604DiVA, id: diva2:1649912
Public defence
2022-04-28, Air&Fire, Tomtebodavägen 23A, SciLifeLab, via Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_nQBOuHGjRlOqD2CtP8CIBg, Solna, 10:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-04-05 Created: 2022-04-05 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. The impact of gastrointestinal dysmotility on the aerodigestive microbiome of pediatric lung transplant recipients
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The impact of gastrointestinal dysmotility on the aerodigestive microbiome of pediatric lung transplant recipients
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2021 (English)In: The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, ISSN 1053-2498, E-ISSN 1557-3117, Vol. 40, no 3, p. 210-219Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: Delayed gastric emptying has been associated with increased graft rejection, although the mechanism of this association is not known. This study aims to investigate the interrelationship between delays in gastrointestinal motility and the diversity and composition of gastric, oropharyngeal, and lung microbiomes in pediatric lung transplant recipients. METHODS: We prospectively recruited 23 pediatric lung transplant recipients and 98 pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms undergoing combined endoscopy and bronchoscopy. Gastric, oropharyngeal, and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected for 16S sequencing. Gastric samples were also analyzed for bile composition using liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Patients who underwent lung transplantation had significantly reduced alpha diversity in gastric and oropharyngeal sites compared with patients with respiratory symptoms. This reduction in alpha diversity was especially evident in gastric samples in patients with delayed gastric emptying defined as abnormal gastric emptying on nuclear scintigraphy or as an elevation in gastric bile concentration (p ≤ 0.05). Whereas monocolonies were seen in the lungs of patients who underwent transplantation, these were not the same microbes seen in the stomach; the microbial overlap between lung and gastric samples within patients was low, and data indicated high individual variation between lung transplant recipients. Other contributors to reduced alpha diversity included antibiotics in combination with proton pump inhibitors, especially in gastric and oropharyngeal samples. CONCLUSIONS: Lung transplant recipients have reduced microbial diversity in gastric fluid (GF) and oropharynx compared with patients who did not undergo lung transplantation. The decreased alpha diversity in GF may be associated with dysmotility.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Inc., 2021
Keywords
bile, dysmotility, gastroparesis, microbiome, proton pump inhibitor, Article, bronchoscopy, child, controlled study, endoscopy, female, gastrointestinal motility disorder, graft recipient, human, intestine flora, liquid chromatography, lung lavage, lung microbiota, lung transplantation, major clinical study, male, priority journal, RNA sequencing, scintigraphy, stomach paresis, treatment outcome
National Category
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292519 (URN)10.1016/j.healun.2020.11.013 (DOI)000630490000006 ()33349521 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85098587341 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210412

Duplicate s diva 1543398 (part of doctoral thesis entries), but not duplicate with diva 1523200 (part of licentiate thesis)

Available from: 2021-04-12 Created: 2021-04-12 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
2. SM-Omics is an automated platform for high-throughput spatial multi-omics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>SM-Omics is an automated platform for high-throughput spatial multi-omics
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2022 (English)In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 795Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The spatial organization of cells and molecules plays a key role in tissue function in homeostasis and disease. Spatial transcriptomics has recently emerged as a key technique to capture and positionally barcode RNAs directly in tissues. Here, we advance the application of spatial transcriptomics at scale, by presenting Spatial Multi-Omics (SM-Omics) as a fully automated, high-throughput all-sequencing based platform for combined and spatially resolved transcriptomics and antibody-based protein measurements. SM-Omics uses DNA-barcoded antibodies, immunofluorescence or a combination thereof, to scale and combine spatial transcriptomics and spatial antibody-based multiplex protein detection. SM-Omics allows processing of up to 64 in situ spatial reactions or up to 96 sequencing-ready libraries, of high complexity, in a similar to 2 days process. We demonstrate SM-Omics in the mouse brain, spleen and colorectal cancer model, showing its broad utility as a high-throughput platform for spatial multi-omics.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2022
National Category
Biochemistry Molecular Biology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-309445 (URN)10.1038/s41467-022-28445-y (DOI)000754037600010 ()35145087 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85124500843 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20220304

Available from: 2022-03-04 Created: 2022-03-04 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
3. Spatial hostmicrobiome sequencing
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Spatial hostmicrobiome sequencing
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Biochemistry Molecular Biology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-310459 (URN)
Note

QC 20220406

Available from: 2022-04-02 Created: 2022-04-02 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
4. Three-dimensional spatial transcriptomics uncovers cell type dynamics in the rheumatoid arthritis synovium
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Three-dimensional spatial transcriptomics uncovers cell type dynamics in the rheumatoid arthritis synovium
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The inflamed rheumatic joint is a highly heterogeneous and complex tissue with dynamic recruitment and expansion of multiple cell types that interact in multifaceted ways within a localized area. Rheumatoid arthritis synovium has primarily been studied either by immunostaining or by molecular profiling after tissue homogenization. Here, we use Spatial Transcriptomics to study local cellular interactions at the site of chronic synovial inflammation. We report comprehensive spatial RNA-seq data coupled to quantitative and cell type-specific chemokine-driven dynamics at and around organized structures of infiltrating leukocyte cells in the synovium.

National Category
Medical Biotechnology
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291751 (URN)10.1101/2020.12.10.420463 (DOI)
Note

QC 20210322

Available from: 2021-03-18 Created: 2021-03-18 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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