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Do they work? Exploring possible potentials of neighbourhood Telecommuting centres in supporting sustainable travel
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4149-0005
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Strategic Sustainability Studies.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3885-9051
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Product and Service Design.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5187-5742
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Product and Service Design.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0167-7385
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2022 (English)In: Travel Behaviour & Society, ISSN 2214-367X, E-ISSN 2214-3688, Vol. 29, p. 34-41Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Digitally enabled neighbourhood telecommuting centres (NTCs) in residential areas may have the potential to reduce the environmental burdens of transport by shortening work trips and enabling modal shifts. This paper presents the results of a Living Lab where 67 participants were given access to an NTC. Through this Living Lab, this study identifies several conditions required for an NTC to substantially reduce commuting and overall have a positive impact on sustainable travel. The results indicate that while a small group of participants who lived very close to the NTC made significant lifestyle changes and adopted more sustainable travel practices, the overall changes in the sustainability aspects of travel for most participants were minimal. The majority of the participants merely exchanged a day spent working from home for a day at the NTC, as they were only allowed to be absent from the employer’s office one day per week. Further, some participants found it difficult to work remotely due to organisational roles and workplace norms. Another factor that limited the sustainability effect of the NTC was that most participants normally commuted by train, but in a few cases travelled to the NTC by car. With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, most participants were required to work exclusively from home, which proved to have both positive and negative effects on the participants’ everyday lives and well-being. The participants reported a radical shift in attitudes towards remote working during this period, which they believed could lead to remote working becoming more common after the pandemic. In this case, NTCs could possibly play an important role in enabling this shift, by remedying some of the identified drawbacks of working from home. This could in turn enable a larger reduction in commuting. In areas where more people commute by car, sustainability effects would likely be greater.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2022. Vol. 29, p. 34-41
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-312936DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2022.05.003ISI: 001025649400004Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85131065531OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-312936DiVA, id: diva2:1661002
Note

QC 20220530

Available from: 2022-05-25 Created: 2022-05-25 Last updated: 2023-08-30Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Understanding the system-level for Mobility as a Service: A framework to evaluate full-scale impacts of MaaS
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Understanding the system-level for Mobility as a Service: A framework to evaluate full-scale impacts of MaaS
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Mobility as a Service (MaaS), as a concept, has been widely popularised and considered to hold promising potential in reducing travel-related environmental impacts and transforming our current transport system. MaaS enables intermodal travel by providing enhanced features for users to access multiple mobility services. The combination of mobility services in MaaS solutions promotes the use of public transport, active modes and shared mobility to reduce the dependency on private vehicles and provide optimal work and travel arrangements tailor-made to cater to an individual’s specific travel needs while promoting a better quality of life. While the MaaS based literature largely assumes that the service will have a positive impact on individuals and society, it is important to note that there could also be unintended rebound impacts. Additionally, the evidence regarding the same is limited to estimations based on either a small number of pilot studies or a few stated preference studies and expert speculation. While studies have been conducted on the individual, organisational and societal level aspects of MaaS variants such as user preferences, service design, business models, energy impacts, operation and management etc. there seem to be a lack of holistic understanding of the potential impacts of these services from a system-level perspective. MaaS, as a hybrid innovation with the potential to transform socio-technical systems, is a combination of several actors at the individual, organisational and societal levels interacting in a shared arena with the goal to “lock-in” this innovation into the larger society. Therefore, there is a need to not only evaluate MaaS at these three levels but also to take an integrated, holistic approach to understand the system-level impacts of MaaS. As MaaS systems are not currently operating at their full potential, this thesis evaluates two real- life small-scale trials of MaaS in Stockholm, Sweden at the individual, organisational and societal levels to explore the complexities of MaaS and its variant services. Using the knowledge gathered from the evaluations of the two small-scale MaaS trials, this thesis then develops a system-level framework to evaluate MaaS and its variant services by integrating the individual, organizational and societal levels using economic, environmental and social dimensions. For MaaS stakeholders involved in the development, implementation, operation and management of full-scale MaaS, this framework could act as a helpful tool in decision-making processes by highlighting the complex relationships between and within the individual, organisational and societal levels and how the decisions made at the individual, organisational and societal levels could impact each other.

Abstract [sv]

Mobility as a Service (MaaS), som koncept, har blivit allmänt populärt och anses ha potential att minska reserelaterad miljöpåverkan och förändra vårt nuvarande transportsystem. MaaS möjliggör intermodala resor genom att tillhandahålla förbättrade funktioner som ger användare tillgång till flera olika mobilitetstjänster. Kombinationen av mobilitetstjänster i MaaS-lösningar främjar användningen av kollektivtrafik, aktiva transportsätt och delad mobilitet. Detta föväntas leda till minskat beroende av privata bilar och gearbets- och researrangemang som är skräddarsydda för att tillgodose varje individs specifika resebehov och samtidigt främja en bättre livskvalitet. Även om den MaaS-baserade litteraturen till stor del antar att tjänsten kommer att ha en positiv inverkan på individer och samhälle, är det viktigt att notera att det också kan finnas oavsiktliga rekylseffekter. Dessutom är utvärderingen av MaaS önskade effekter begränsade till uppskattningar baserade på antingen ett litet antal pilotstudier eller ett fåtal preferensstudier samt expertspekulationer. Även om studier har genomförts för att undersöka individuella, organisatoriska och samhälleliga aspekter av MaaS-varianter, inklusive tex användarpreferenser, tjänstedesign, affärsmodeller, energipåverkan, drift och förvaltning etc., verkar det finnas en brist på holistisk förståelse för de potentiella effekterna av dessa tjänster ur ett systemnivåperspektiv.

 

MaaS, som en hybridinnovation med potential att transformera sociotekniska system, är en kombination av flera aktörer på individ-, organisations- och samhällsnivå som interagerar på en delad arena med målet att ”låsa in” denna innovation i det större samhället. Därför finns det ett behov av att inte bara utvärdera MaaS på dessa tre nivåer utan också att anta ett integrerat, holistiskt tillvägagångssätt för att förstå effekterna av MaaS på systemnivå. Eftersom MaaS-system för närvarande inte fungerar på fullt uppskalad nivå, utvärderar denna avhandling två verkliga, men småskaliga, tester av MaaS i Stockholm, Sverige på individuell, organisatorisk och samhällelig nivå för att utforska komplexiteten hos MaaS och dess olika tjänster. Med hjälp av den kunskap som samlats in från utvärderingarna av de två småskaliga MaaS-försöken, utvecklar denna avhandling sedan ett ramverk på systemnivå för att utvärdera MaaS och dess olika tjänster genom att integrera de individuella, organisatoriska och samhälleliga nivåerna med hjälp av ekonomiska, miljömässiga och sociala dimensioner. För MaaS-intressenter som är involverade i utveckling, implementering, drift och förvaltning av fullskalig MaaS kan detta ramverk fungera som ett användbart verktyg i beslutsprocesser genom att lyfta fram de komplexa relationerna mellan och inom individ-, organisations- och samhälleliga nivåer och hur beslut som fattas på individ-, organisations- och samhällsnivå kan påverka varandra.

 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 83
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2022:30
Keywords
Mobility as a Service, system-level, perspective, framework, experiments
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-319495 (URN)978-91-8040-371-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-10-27, Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68091873830, F3, Lindstedsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-10-06 Created: 2022-09-29 Last updated: 2023-02-28Bibliographically approved
2. Living the Change: Designerly modes of real-life experimentation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Living the Change: Designerly modes of real-life experimentation
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The sustainability transitions required to address the climate crisis cannot be achieved by technology alone; radical lifestyle changes are needed. To contribute to meeting this critical challenge, design must move its focus from individual needs, desires, and behaviors to the level of the complex socio-technical systems that shape our society. There have been several calls for research that is action-, future- and learning-oriented, to accelerate sustainability transitions. In a broad sense, my research concerns how design practice can be used and further developed to this end. There is growing consensus that real-life experimentation is required to understand and realize the potentials of sustainability innovations, and an emerging experimental turn can be seen in the proliferation of approaches such as living labs, city labs and transition labs, as well as in policy experiments, pilots, demonstrations, and field trials. There is a broad movement in society to involve users or citizens in learning and experimentation in the complexity of real-life contexts, but as will be discussed in this dissertation, most approaches do not realize these ambitions in practice. This dissertation presents an approach for design-driven, or designerly living labs for the real-life exploration and demonstration of possible sustainable concepts and futures. Living labs are often described as having their roots in design, and this dissertation represents a move to reclaim that term for more open-ended modes of experimentation. By living the change, these designerly labs have provided rich insights into the entangled social-technical nature of sustainable futures, and identified barriers and pathways towards them. The dissertation is based on detailed and operative accounts of seven such designerly living labs carried out by design researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden from 2014 to 2023. A cross-case analysis is presented in order to identify and validate the key characteristics of this emerging approach, and how they connect to design practice. In the analysis I also investigate how these labs relate to other research approaches in fields such as transition studies, user innovation, participatory design, and action research. I position designerly living labs as an alternative and complement to more mainstream approaches to real-life experimentation—specifically for the early-stage framing of sustainability issues and in exploring sustainable future concepts and lifestyles. Main findings include a number of factors that were found to demarcate different modes and understandings of real-life experimentation research. These factors include the involvement of users as co-researchers in exploration rather than as testers or co-creators in innovation, and how this more open-ended aim for learning may conflict with notions of developing, evaluating and scaling up. There is also a discussion on how different understandings of these factors can lead to confusion and conflict in transdisciplinary research and recommendations for organizing new research projects of this sort.

Abstract [sv]

Den hållbarhetsomställning som behövs för att hantera klimatkrisen kan inte begränsas till vad som kan lösas med ny teknologi, utan kräver att vi radikalt förändrar även våra livsstilar. För att vara en del av att möta den här utmaningen så behöver designfältet flytta sitt fokus från individuella behov, önskningar och beteenden, mot de komplexa socio-tekniska system som formar vårt samhälle. För att driva hållbarhetsomställningen snabbare framåt efterfrågas nu mer aktions- och framtids-orienterad forskning med mer fokus på lärande. I ett större perspektiv så handlar min forskning om hur designpraktik kan utvecklas och användas i detta syfte. Det finns en växande samstämmighet om behovet av metoder som bygger på mer öppet experimenterande ute i människors verklighet för att innovationer på hållbarhetsområdet ska kunna nå sin fulla potential. Detta är synligt i framväxten av angreppssätt såsom living labs, city-labs och transition labs, policyexperiment, piloter, demonstrationsprojekt och fältförsök. Det finns också en bred rörelse i samhället mot att involvera användare och medborgare i dessa experiment och lärandeprocesser, men som kommer att beskrivas i denna avhandling så är det få av de nämnda angreppssätten som verkligen uppfyller detta. I denna avhandling presenteras en approach för designdrivna living labs i syfte att utforska och demonstrera möjliga och hållbara framtidskoncept i vanliga människors vardagsliv. Metoderna i living labs beskrivs ofta som framvuxna ur deltagande designarbete, och denna avhandling kan ses som ett steg i att återta begreppet living labs för mer öppet experimenterande forskning. Genom att låta människor leva med och i den förändring som eftersöks, så har dessa ”levande” labb givit rika insikter om sociotekniskt komplexa hållbara framtider, och visat på både hinder och möjliga vägar framåt. Avhandlingen baseras på detaljerade och konkreta framställningar av sju designdrivna living labs, som genomförts av designforskare vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm från 2014–2023. Angreppssättets särskiljande egenskaper har identifierats och validerats genom en tvärfallsanalys. Dessa egenskaper har sedan positionerats i relation till designpraktik och metodologier inom andra forskningsfält, såsom omställningsstudier, användardriven innovation, deltagande design och aktionsforskning. Designdrivna living labs befinns vara ett alternativ till mer vanligt förekommande experimenterande angreppssätt, särskilt för att angripa hållbarhetsrelaterade forskningsfrågor i tidiga forskningsskeden. Hållbara framtidskoncept och livsstilar utforskas genom designinterventioner, mitt i människors vardagsliv. Viktiga forskningsbidrag är de faktorer och strategiska ställningstaganden som skiljer olika ansatser för experimenterande forskning ute i samhället. Dessa inkluderar en beskrivning av hur användare kan engageras som reflektiva medforskare i stället för som testare eller medskapare i innovationsarbete. I avhandlingen diskuteras också hur denna typ av mer öppet utforskande skiljer sig från vanligare förekommande arbetsformer för att utveckla, utvärdera och skala upp teknikinnovationer i samhället, samt hur välfungerande projekt av denna typ kan organiseras.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 197
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2023:20
Keywords
design methods, transition design, participatory design, living labs, experimentation, sustainability
National Category
Design
Research subject
Art, Technology and Design; Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-334934 (URN)978-91-8040-679-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-09-21, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69901870516?pwd=QUg4TkNVSnJwcFlaVGhpSG1nanRkUT09, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Energy AgencyMistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research
Available from: 2023-08-30 Created: 2023-08-30 Last updated: 2025-12-03Bibliographically approved

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