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A Socio-Material Study of User Involvement: Interrogating the practices of technology development for older people in a digitalised world
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Technology in Health Care.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4026-6634
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Population ageing and increased digitalization each constitute an ongoing and profound transformation within contemporary modes of living, as growing advances in technological development mix and intermingle with the lived realities of older people as the final recipients. It is against the backdrop of this interplay that user involvement has enjoyed ever-rising advocacy to an almost normative degree. Beyond articulating methodological principles, however, the literature has remained surprisingly vague as to the practical implementation of the approach. Less appears to be known, both empirically and conceptually, about how design and user involvement are done in practice and how they would matter to bring about intentional or unintentional effects. 

To engage with these developments, this thesis aims at taking the practices of user involvement and design to the centre of its inquiry by adopting a perspective from Science and Technology Studies (STS). Specifically, the thesis seeks to both build on and contribute to the established body of STS on the connection between technology design and older users and ask: What is there to learn about user involvement as a method, if we focus on the practices of doing user involvement? To answer this question, the thesis studies four different aspects of the practices of user involvement and design. In particular, the thesis reviews the literature on how user involvement mattered in previous empirical projects that include older people (Paper I), it examines how different configurations of participation matter in design workshops (Paper II), it scrutinizes the achievement of user involvement in corporate practices (Paper III) and it traces the circumstantial performances of such practices (Paper IV). The largest empirical piece comes from a two-year ethnographic study of a small- to medium-sized enterprise, the material from which informed Paper III and Paper IV.

The findings highlight how user involvement in practice is both contingent and transformative, as it selectively enrols different participants and performs multiple realities. In practice, user involvement appears to be dependent on a set of underlying premises and socio-material conditions and thus is always a dynamic and momentary achievement. Furthermore, the thesis shows how the practices of user involvement themselves may bring into existence different realities, articulating and materializing particular versions of objects and images of ageing. Accordingly, the thesis contributes theoretically by illuminating the underlying socio-material facets of user involvement, and by emphasizing ageing as a particular object/image of design. Specifically, the appended papers encompass a conceptual framework, as well as three new concepts: design multiple, shifting interstices and viscous image landscape, in order to theorize the underlying conditions for user involvement, its relationship with design and its entanglement with ageing. Practically, the thesis enunciates three main implications regarding questions of goodness, politics and ethics.

Abstract [sv]

En åldrande befolkning och tilltagande digitalisering utgör samverkande förändringar i dagens samhälle som påverkar äldre människors levda verklighet på ett djupgående sätt. Mot bakgrund av att vara slutanvändare och mottagare av en ständig ström av tekniska artefakter har talet om användarinvolvering kommit att bli närmast normativ. Utöver metodologiska principer har litteraturen dock förblivit förvånansvärt vag när det gäller den praktiska implementeringen av tillvägagångssätten för att involvera äldre teknikanvändare. Mindre tycks vara känt, både empiriskt och konceptuellt, om hur design och användarinvolvering går till i praktiken, och hur det skulle spela någon roll att åstadkomma avsiktliga eller oavsiktliga effekter.

Den här avhandlingen syftar sig till att studera praktiken av användarinvolvering och design, med ett perspektiv från Teknik och Samhälle Studier (STS). Specifikt syftar avhandlingen till att både bygga på och bidra till STS teorierna om förbindelsen mellan design av teknik och äldre användare. Avhandlingen frågar: Vad finns det att lära sig om användarinvolvering som metod om vi fokuserar på existerande design praktiker? För att besvara denna fråga studerar avhandlingen praktiken av användarinvolvering och design i fyra olika aspekter. Specifikt granskar avhandlingen litteraturen om hur användarengagemang spelar roll i empiriska projekt som inkluderar äldre människor (Paper I); undersöker hur olika konfigurationer av deltagande spelar roll i designworkshops (Paper II); granskar användarinvolvering i företagspraktiken (Paper III); och studerar effekterna av designpraktiker under de omständigheter som råder i företag (Paper IV). Den huvudsakliga empirin presenteras i form av en tvåårig etnografisk studie i ett medelstort företag, vars material informerade Paper III och Paper IV.

Resultaten visar hur användarinvolvering i praktiken är både betingat och transformerande, eftersom den selektivt engagerar flera deltagarna och skapar olika verkligheter. I praktiken tycks användarmedverkan vara beroende av ett antal underliggande premisser och sociomateriella förhållanden och därmed alltid en dynamisk och tillfällig prestation. Vidare visar avhandlingen hur praktiken av användarinvolvering kan skapa olika verkligheter, och artikulera och materialisera versioner av objekt och bilder såsom åldrande. Avhandlingen bidrar både teoretiskt och praktiskt genom att belysa de underliggande sociomateriella aspekterna av användarinvolvering, och genom att betona åldrande som ett särskilt objekt av design. De bifogade artiklarna omfattar ett konceptuellt ramverk såväl som tre nya koncept 'design multipel', 'skiftande mellanrum' och 'viskös bildlandskap' för att teoretisera de relationer av användarinvolvering med design, underliggande förhållanden och åldrande. Praktiskt bidrar avhandlingen med tre huvudsakliga implikationer när det gäller frågor om godhet, politik och etik.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. , p. 108
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2022:25
Keywords [en]
User involvement, Older People, Participation, Socio-material Conditions, Enactment, Ontology, Configuring, Ageing and Technology, Ethnography, Method and Design Practice
Keywords [sv]
Användarinvolvering, Äldre Människor, Delaktighet, Sociomateriella förhållanden, Enactment, Ontologi, Konfigurering, Åldrande och Teknik, Etnografi, Metod och Designpraktik
National Category
Social Sciences Sociology Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified Information Systems, Social aspects Design Philosophy Engineering and Technology Other Engineering and Technologies
Research subject
Technology and Health
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-314645ISBN: 978-91-8040-289-7 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-314645DiVA, id: diva2:1674909
Public defence
2022-09-22, T2, Hälsovägen 11C, Huddinge, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
BCONNECT
Funder
Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare
Note

QC 2022-06-22

Available from: 2022-06-22 Created: 2022-06-22 Last updated: 2025-02-24Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. The Importance of User Involvement: A Systematic Review of Involving Older Users in Technology Design.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Importance of User Involvement: A Systematic Review of Involving Older Users in Technology Design.
2020 (English)In: The Gerontologist, ISSN 0016-9013, E-ISSN 1758-5341, Vol. 60, no 7, p. e513-e523, article id gnz163Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of understanding of how older adults' involvement and participation matters in actual design practice. This systematic literature review investigates existing empirical studies involving older users during the design of technologies and explores the nature and consequences of involving older people.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Our literature review is informed by the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. We examined the included studies by means of thematic content analysis to identify the nature of older users' involvement and existing evidence on what consequences it has.

RESULTS: In total, 40 empirical studies published in the period 2014-2018 are included in the review. Most empirical studies involve older people from local networks, with underlying stereotypical images and at lower levels of participation. The results reveal three main consequences of involving older users: learning, adjusted design, and an increased sense of participation. Furthermore, we found that user involvement is a structured process whose outcomes are contingent on a range of premises.

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Synthesizing the results, we develop the concept of user involvement and present an analytical framework. Our results have implications for researchers and policy makers, since they throw into question the widely held assumption that involving older people inevitably yields beneficial outcomes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press (OUP), 2020
Keywords
Design practice, Older technology users, Socio-gerontechnology
National Category
Engineering and Technology Social Sciences Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified Information Systems, Social aspects
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-267552 (URN)10.1093/geront/gnz163 (DOI)000582368900003 ()31773145 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85091126570 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20200217

Available from: 2020-02-10 Created: 2020-02-10 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
2. Design multiple: How different configurations of participation matter in design practice
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Design multiple: How different configurations of participation matter in design practice
2021 (English)In: Design Studies, ISSN 0142-694X, E-ISSN 1872-6909, Vol. 74, article id 101016Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article critically interrogates how participation is practiced during the design process. We present the findings of three different configurations of participatory design workshops, each involving a different stakeholder group (age researchers, care experts and older adults). Building on insights from Science and Technology Studies (STS), we reveal how, in design practice, different configurations of participation enact and materialize multiple versions of ageing. To refer to this ontological layer of design processes, we introduce the concept "design multiple". Our study adds to current debates on the practices of participatory design and STS, as it shows how different configurations multiply enact objects into several material realities. We raise awareness on the practices of configuring participatory design, and their ontological consequences

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2021
Keywords
design practice, participatory design, ageing, technology, philosophy of design
National Category
Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296836 (URN)10.1016/j.destud.2021.101016 (DOI)000652665000004 ()2-s2.0-85104615207 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210611

Available from: 2021-06-11 Created: 2021-06-11 Last updated: 2025-02-25Bibliographically approved
3. An ethnography of user involvement: Tracing shifting interstices of coalescing tensions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>An ethnography of user involvement: Tracing shifting interstices of coalescing tensions
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-314643 (URN)
Note

QC 20220627

Available from: 2022-06-21 Created: 2022-06-21 Last updated: 2022-06-27Bibliographically approved
4. Ageing enacted in practice: How unloved objects thrive in the shadows of care
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ageing enacted in practice: How unloved objects thrive in the shadows of care
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-314644 (URN)
Note

QC 20220627

Available from: 2022-06-21 Created: 2022-06-21 Last updated: 2022-06-27Bibliographically approved

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Fischer, Björn

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