kth.sePublications KTH
System disruptions
There are recurring service disruptions on some of the search portals due to high traffic. We are working to resolve the issue, you may temporarily encounter an error message.
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Phase field modeling of precipitation reactions in miscibility gap systems
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Structures.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8459-5405
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

As a backbone to the cutting tools and rock drilling industry, cemented carbides have been used widely due to their high hardness and wear resistance. Most commercially used cemented carbides contain a hard phase made of Tungsten carbide (WC) and a binder phase which is generally ductile. Lately, a secondary hard phase is desired by replacing W in WC partially with one or more metal substitutes such as Ti, V, Ta, Cr and Zr to better its mechanical properties. Some of these carbides are observed to exhibit unusual microstructures during ageing. For example, (Ti,Zr)C present along with WC, has been observed to undergo phase separation from a supersaturated phase, called $\gamma$, to Ti-rich and Zr-rich domains leaving behind an array of precipitates morphologically manifesting as lamellae. This phase separation process has been termed as discontinuous precipitation(DP) as it resembles the classical DP reaction observed in certain binary and multi-component systems. The behaviour comes from the presence of a miscibility gap in the carbide Ref. Borgh et al. 2014 and Ma et al. 2016 due to which the usual response of the system should be to undergo spinodal decomposition(SD), however, the carbide chooses a different path which questions the governing mechanism behind its decomposition process. Several factors are believed to affect such a process and one of such factors is the strain energy, which is generated due to the difference in lattice parameters of the separating phases. When compared to a different miscibility gap system, such as Fe-Cr, where the strain energy is quite low and the response is SD. Other factors such as grain boundary diffusion, atomic mobility, and gradient energy coefficient (κ) are also believed to have an effect on the decomposition process. Therefore, a thorough investigation of the factors is required and, a powerful tool to study the spatio-temporal evolution of the microstructure such as the phase field method, should be used.

According to some experiments the lamellae are generally observed to nucleate at grain boundaries and later grow with the help of grain boundary migration Ref. Borgh et al. 2014. The moving grain boundary leaves behind a series of alternate strands of Ti and Zr rich phases. The growth mechanism behind the moving boundary is believed to be assisted by diffusion of solutes along the grain boundary and generation of the elastic strain energy by it. The phenomenon is commonly known as diffusion induced grain boundary migration(DIGM) and it is believed to be a key part of DP Ref. Hillert and Purdy 1977 and Chongmo and Hillert 1981. In order to recreate DIGM and DP an energetic coupling between the mole fraction and phase field variable is required so that it accounts for the generated strain energy during the process. The main focus of this thesis will be to develop a phase field model accounting for such coupling which will predict DIGM in binary systems and use it further as a medium to model DP in (Ti,Zr)C. The model for DP could be used to predict and control its formation as its occurrence prone to increase the hardness of the carbides. Therefore, it can be used as a tool to design alloys and develop better alternatives. The alternatives could be used to prevent DP in the carbides which could be done by using different metal substitutes that will prefer SD over DP or vice versa.

Abstract [sv]

Som en ryggrad till skärande verktyg och bergborrningsindustrin har hårdmetaller använts i stor utsträckning på grund av deras höga hårdhet och slitstyrka. De flesta kommersiellt använda hårdmetaller innehåller en hård fas gjord av volframkarbid (WC) och en bindefas som vanligtvis är formbar. På senare tid önskas en sekundär hård fas genom att ersätta W i WC delvis med en eller flera metallersättningar såsom Ti, V, Ta, Cr och Zr för att förbättra dess mekaniska egenskaper. De nyutvecklade karbiderna observeras ofta uppvisa ovanliga mikrostrukturer under åldrandet. Till exempel har (Ti,Zr)C närvarande tillsammans med WC observerats genomgå fasseparation från en övermättad fas, kallad , till Ti-rika och Zr-rika domäner som lämnar efter sig en rad fällningar som morfologiskt manifesterar sig som lameller. Denna fasseparationsprocess har betecknats som diskontinuerlig utfällning (DP) eftersom den liknar den klassiska DP-reaktionen som observeras i vissa binära och flerkomponentsystem. Beteendet kommer från närvaron av ett blandbarhetsgap i karbiden Ref. Borgh et al. 2014, Maet al. 2016 på grund av vilket systemets vanliga reaktion bör vara att genomgå spinodal nedbrytning (SD), men karbiden väljer en annan väg vilket ifrågasätter styrande mekanism bakom dess nedbrytningsprocess. Flera faktorer tros påverka en sådan process och en av sådana faktorer är töjningsenergin, som genereras på grund av skillnaden i gitterparametrar för de separerande faserna. Jämfört med ett annat blandbarhetsgapsystem, såsom Fe-Cr, är töjningsenergin i allmänhet ganska låg och responsen är SD. Andra faktorer såsom korngränsdiffusion, atomrörlighet och gradientenergikoefficient () tros också ha en inverkan på nedbrytningsprocessen. Därför krävs en grundlig undersökning av faktorerna och ett kraftfullt verktyg för att studera den spatio-temporala utvecklingen av mikrostrukturen, såsom fasfältsmetoden, bör användas.

 

Enligt vissa experiment observeras lamellerna i allmänhet bilda kärnor vid korngränserna och senare växa med hjälp av korngränsmigrering Ref. Borgh et al. 2014. Den rörliga korngränsen lämnar efter sig en serie omväxlande strängar av Ti- och Zr-rika faser. Tillväxtmekanismen bakom den rörliga gränsen tros vara assisterad av diffusion av löst ämne längs korngränsen och generering av den elastiska töjningsenergin av den. Fenomenet är allmänt känt som diffusionsinducerad korngränsmigrering (DIGM) och det tros vara en viktig del av DP Ref. Hillert et al. 1977, Chongmo et al. 1981. För att återskapa DIGM och DP krävs en energetisk koppling mellan molfraktionen och fasfältsvariabeln så att den står för den genererade töjningsenergin under processen. Huvudfokus för denna avhandling kommer att vara att utveckla en fasfältsmodell som redogör för sådan koppling som kommer att förutsäga DIGM i binära system och använda den vidare som ett medium för att modellera DP i (Ti,Zr)C. Modellen för DP skulle kunna användas för att förutsäga och kontrollera dess bildning då dess förekomst är benägen att öka hårdheten hos karbiderna. Därför kan den användas som ett verktyg för att designa legeringar och utveckla bättre alternativ. Alternativen skulle kunna användas för att förhindra DP i karbiderna, vilket skulle kunna göras genom att använda olika metallersättningar som kommer att föredra SD framför DP eller vice versa.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. , p. 63
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2022:27
Keywords [en]
Precipitation, Discontinuous, Diffusion, Boundary, Phase-field, Miscibility-gap, Cemented carbides, Binary alloys
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials Other Materials Engineering
Research subject
Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-317078ISBN: 978-91-8040-352-8 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-317078DiVA, id: diva2:1696561
Public defence
2022-10-14, Kollegiesalen / https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_BfrTkgThQc2xvfzt4_Aptg, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, RMA15-0062Available from: 2022-09-27 Created: 2022-09-17 Last updated: 2022-10-12Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1.
The record could not be found. The reason may be that the record is no longer available or you may have typed in a wrong id in the address field.
2. Simulating diffusion induced grain boundary migration in binary Fe-Zn
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Simulating diffusion induced grain boundary migration in binary Fe-Zn
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A recently developed phase-field model for simulating diffusion-induced grain boundary migration (DIGM) is applied to binary Fe--Zn. The driving force for the boundary migration is assumed to come from the coherency strain energy mechanism suggested by Sulonen. The effect of the angle of the grain boundary with the surface on the velocity of the boundary migration is studied in detail. The simulation results compare favorably with experimental observations, such as the oscillatory motion of the grain boundary, velocity of the moving grain boundary during DIGM, and the maximum value of mole fraction of Zn at the surface after 20~h of heat treatment.

Keywords
DIGM; Binary; Phase-Field; Strain Energy, Boundary, Diffusion
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Research subject
Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-317072 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, RMA-15-0062
Note

QCR 20220906

Available from: 2022-09-05 Created: 2022-09-05 Last updated: 2022-10-03Bibliographically approved
3. Phase Field Study of Discontinuous Precipitation in a Miscibility Gap System
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Phase Field Study of Discontinuous Precipitation in a Miscibility Gap System
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A phase field model is developed to study the discontinuous (cellular) precipitation(DP) in a hypothetical A-B miscibility gap system. The model employs an interaction energy term which couples the mole fraction (xA) and the phase field variable (Φ) to study the mechanism behind the precipitation process. The term was used recently to model diffusion induced grain boundary migration in a hypothetical binary system Ref. Mukherjee et al. 2020. The interaction term suggests that strain energy develops after nucleation of DP strands at grain boundaries. The strands are observed to grow behind a moving grain boundary which favours one of the grains, thereby, taking the same orientation of the grain behind the growth front. The factors such as gradient energy coefficient (κ), the prefactor (K) from Hillert's expression for strain energy Ref. Hillert 1983, interfacial mobility (MΦ) and interface diffusion (F) are altered to study their influence on lamellar spacing.

Keywords
Discontinuous Precipitation, Phase-Field, Diffusion, Interface, Boundary, Miscibility-gap
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Research subject
Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-317074 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, RMA-15-0062
Note

QCR 20220906

Available from: 2022-09-05 Created: 2022-09-05 Last updated: 2022-09-17Bibliographically approved
4. Phase field modeling of discontinuous precipitation in (Ti,Zr)C
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Phase field modeling of discontinuous precipitation in (Ti,Zr)C
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Discontinuous precipitation at high temperatures in (Ti,Zr)C was modeled using the phase field method. The modelling was based on previous treatments of diffusion induced grain boundary migration and spinodal decomposition. A fair agreement with experimental observations was obtained. However, a more refined treatment of the effect of strain energy is left for future work.

Keywords
Cemented carbides, Miscibility-gap, Diffusion, Phase-field, Discontinuous Precipitation, Strain energy
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-317075 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, RMA15-0062
Note

QCR 20220906

Available from: 2022-09-05 Created: 2022-09-05 Last updated: 2022-09-17Bibliographically approved
5. Towards predictive simulations of spinodal decomposition in Fe-Cr alloys
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards predictive simulations of spinodal decomposition in Fe-Cr alloys
Show others...
2022 (English)In: Computational materials science, ISSN 0927-0256, E-ISSN 1879-0801, Vol. 202, article id 110955Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Simulations of spinodal decomposition in an Fe-36 wt%Cr alloy at 773 K are performed by solving the non -linear Cahn-Hilliard equation, and the results are compared with atom probe tomography measurements. The influence of gradient energy coefficient, atomic mobilities and initial structure on the kinetics of spinodal decomposition is studied. It is shown that a proper initial structure, accounting for the thermal history above the miscibility gap, is crucial and enables predictive simulations of spinodal decomposition in Fe-Cr alloys.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2022
Keywords
Spinodal decomposition, Monte-Carlo, DFT, APT, Radial distribution function, Gradient energy coefficient, Mobilities, Initial structure
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-306362 (URN)10.1016/j.commatsci.2021.110955 (DOI)000718888500004 ()2-s2.0-85118144953 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20211215

Available from: 2021-12-15 Created: 2021-12-15 Last updated: 2022-09-17Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(8529 kB)765 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT02.pdfFile size 8529 kBChecksum SHA-512
e4f4d71b3a797531bad915c0ab8585fa1f81665f5d23218e10a7adabf6bd04e12d333fc85c38d77e73f7bd6272e00afd8fa87d7676f5befc559c82a7a8ebc583
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf
fulltext(7860 kB)550 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 7860 kBChecksum SHA-512
23a023d9f3454e55eb1fcb898618a5e6f7b9653d8658b2813b9717fab19c4ac4e31a418cc4cdba89871e7213768cdcba9a5024fdb6e8a434ca0f025e45f77f6a
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

http:// Du som saknar dator/ datorvana kan kontakta service@itm.kth.se (English)

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Mukherjee, Deepjyoti
By organisation
Structures
Metallurgy and Metallic MaterialsOther Materials Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 1318 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 1310 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf