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Machine Learning at the Mobile Edge: The Case of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Over HTTP (DASH)
Fdn Bruno Kessler, Digital Socity Ctr, SNESE Unit, Trento, Italy; Univ Bologna, Dept Elect Elect & Informat Engn, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS. Res Inst Sweden AB, Connected Intelligence, S-16440 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1992-4740
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS. Res Inst Sweden AB, Connected Intelligence, S-16440 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1322-4367
Robert Bosch GmbH, Corp Res, D-70465 Gerlingen, Germany.
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2022 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, E-ISSN 1932-4537, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 4779-4793Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a standard for delivering video in segments and adapting each segment's bitrate (quality), to adjust to changing and limited network bandwidth. We study segment prefetching, informed by machine learning predictions of bitrates of client segment requests, implemented at the network edge. We formulate this client segment request prediction problem as a supervised learning problem of predicting the bitrate of a client's next segment request, in order to prefetch it at the mobile edge, with the objective of jointly improving the video streaming experience for the users and network bandwidth utilization for the service provider. The results of extensive evaluations showed a segment request prediction accuracy of close to 90% and reduced video segment access delay with a cache hit ratio of 58%, and reduced transport network load by lowering the backhaul link utilization by 60.91%.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2022. Vol. 19, no 4, p. 4779-4793
Keywords [en]
Streaming media, Bit rate, Prefetching, Servers, Measurement, Bandwidth, Prediction algorithms, Video streaming, DASH, caching, machine learning, MEC, 5G
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-324906DOI: 10.1109/TNSM.2022.3193856ISI: 000965284400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85135765992OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-324906DiVA, id: diva2:1744822
Note

QC 20230920

Available from: 2023-03-21 Created: 2023-03-21 Last updated: 2025-08-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Practical Machine Learning for Predictions in Mobile Networks
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Practical Machine Learning for Predictions in Mobile Networks
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The use of machine learning (ML) in mobile networks has surged to tackle the challenges arising from their growing complexity, dynamic behavior, and application demands.However, more support through prediction models for key performance metrics that cannot be directly observed at the base station are needed to better adapt network and application parameters to the changing network state. Moreover, the growing adoption of ML models in telecom networks brings practical challenges, like the scarcity of labeled data for training, heterogeneity of hardware, and evolving conditions, all of which pose hurdles to their seamless deployment in real-world scenarios.

In this thesis we investigate ML-driven methods to predict user performance in dynamic environments and address the practical challenges encountered over a model’s life cycle. First, we present supervised ML approaches for predicting key metrics such as round-trip time and one-way delay, using data collected from 5G mmWave testbed networks.Further, we propose a mobile edge-assisted framework for improving quality of service (QoS) and reducing backhaul load for video streaming applications, by prefetching video segments, under backhaul bandwidth and cache storage restrictions. This framework is based on ML predictions of video segment bitrates in a dynamically changing mobile network. 

Next, we address domain shifts, particularly from the arrival of new user equipment (UE) types, by applying adversarial adaptation strategies that allow models to adapt without requiring labeled samples from the new domain.Further, we apply self-supervised learning approaches to harness unlabeled data from telecom network datasets. This is shown to improve model accuracy in label-scarce scenarios. Finally, to further mitigate data-collection challenges, we introduce an open-source simulation framework for generating large-scale, customizable datasets. Overall, this thesis contributes to the careful design of ML solutions for predicting key performance metrics, and shows how they can, along with robust data generation, model adaptation, and model pretraining techniques, elevate user experience and network automation in modern telecom networks.

Abstract [sv]

Användningen av maskininlärning (ML) inom mobila telekomnätverk har ökat kraftigt för att tackla utmaningar som uppstått med nätverkens växande komplexitet och applikationskrav. Mer hjälp från modeller som kan ge prognoser över viktiga prestandavärden, som inte är direkt mätbara vid basstationen behövs dock för att anpassa nätverk och applikationsparametrar till kontinuerligt skiftande nätverkstillstånd.Den växande tillämpningen av ML-modeller för telekomnätverk för med sig praktiska utmaningar, så som brist på annoterad data för träning, varierande hårdvaruarkitekturer och ständigt förändrade nätverkstillstånd. Dessa hinder försvårar driftsättning av ML i verkliga system.I denna avhandling studerar vi ML-modeller för telekomnätverk samt flera praktiska utmaningar som uppstår under en modells livscykel. Först så presenterar vi vägledda ML-metoder som förutspår viktiga mätvärden inom 5G-nätverk. Dessa metoder tränas med data insamlad  från 5G mmWave testbädds-nätverk.Vidare så utvecklar vi en ML-driven mobile edge-lösning som förbättrar videokvaliteten för videoströmningstjänster i nätverket. Vår lösning bygger på smart förhandsinladdning av videosegment, där ML används för att förutspå lämplig kvalitet på videosegmenten.

Vi studerar också hur ML-modeller påverkas när nätverk ändras till en så stor grad att ett domänskifte sker. Vi tittar speciellt på situationen som uppstår när nya typer av användarutrustnings ansluter sig till nätverk. Genom att tillämpa adaptiva strategier visar vi att ML-modeller kan anpassas utan användandet av annoterad data från den nya domänen.

Vi undersöker också hur icke-vägledda ML-modeller kan utnyttja stora mängder oannoterad data som annars inte används. Vi visar hur dessa modeller kan integreras med vägledda modeller för att förbättra prognosprestandan, speciellt när det råder brist på annoterad data.

Slutligen så introducerar vi ett ramverk, skriven i öppen källkod, för att generera stora, anpassningsbara datamängder för mobila telekomnätverk. Allt inräknat så bidrar denna avhandling med ML-lösningar för bättre användarupplevelser samt drift av moderna telekomnätverk.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 54
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:64
Keywords
Telecom networks, Mobile networks, User performance prediction, Machine learning, 5G networks, DASH, Mobile edge, Domain adaptation, Self-supervised learning, Telekomnätverk, mobila nätverk, användarprestanda prognoser, maskininlärning, 5G-nätverk, DASH, mobil edge, domänadaption, icke-väglett lärande
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363883 (URN)978-91-8106-315-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-08-21, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 6, plan 4, KTH campus, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20250523

Available from: 2025-05-23 Created: 2025-05-22 Last updated: 2025-06-30Bibliographically approved

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