kth.sePublications KTH
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Spontaneous online tutoring: Students’ support of their own and other students’ process of inquiry in online text-based tutoring
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Digital Learning.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9446-5831
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The use of online technologies has made education more accessible. In online education, there are increased expectations for students to be self-directed and take responsibility for their learning. Research has also shown that students can benefit from learning from each other. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how students support their own and other students’ process of inquiry in online text-based tutoring sessions. To enable the analysis of the conversations, a coding scheme for transcript analysis of online tutoring was introduced based on the Relationship of Inquiry framework, which is an adaptation of the Community of Inquiry framework.

This thesis consists of four papers. The first paper focuses on the development of the RoI coding scheme, which is used in two of the following papers. In the second paper, the coding scheme is further revised regarding the aspect of students’ teaching presence and how it connects to students’ support of their own and other students’ inquiry process. In the third paper, students’ support of their own and other students’ process of inquiry in online text-based tutoring sessions is studied further, and their messages are analyzed with the revised coding scheme. The fourth paper adopts an inductive approach and analyzes how students take responsibility for their own and their peers’ problem-solving through thematic analysis. 

The findings show that in online tutoring sessions, students may spontaneously take on the role of a tutor. Through their expressions of teaching presence by, for example, explaining their issues and their previous steps, or answering other students’ questions and giving suggestions, students support their own as well as other students’ inquiry process. The findings indicate that students acquire metacognitive development, through self- and co-regulation, with their expressions of teaching and cognitive presence. Furthermore, the findings show that the coding scheme with fixed categories may not show the full picture of interactions in an online learning environment. Additional analysis reveals that students’ expressions focus on different levels of learning while supporting the problem-solving process. Lastly, this thesis offers guidance on how to create online tutoring sessions where students take responsibility for their learning and are encouraged to help one another. 

Abstract [sv]

Användning av digital teknik har bidragit till att utbildning blivit alltmer tillgängligt. Digital utbildning har ökat förväntan på elever och studenter att vara självreglerande och ta ett större ansvar för sitt lärande. Forskning har också visat att elever och studenter kan gynnas av att lära tillsammans med andra. Syftet med den här avhandlingen är att utforska hur elever och studenter stödjer sitt eget och andras lärande vid textbaserad handledning via internet. För att analysera konversationerna utvecklades ett kodningsschema för analys av handledning via internet baserat på ramverket ”Relationship of Inquiry”, som är en anpassning av det teoretiska ramverket ”Community of Inquiry”.

 Avhandlingen inkluderar fyra artiklar. Den första artikeln fokuserar på utvecklandet av kodningsschemat för ”Relationship of Inquiry”, som senare används i två av de kommande artiklarna. I den andra artikeln vidareutvecklas kodningsschemat för att inkludera elevers uttryck av ”Teaching presence”, samt hur dessa uttryck är relaterade till hur elever stödjer sig själva och andra elever vid problemlösning. Den tredje artikeln fokuserar än mer på hur studenter stödjer sitt eget och andra studenters problemlösning vid textbaserad handledning via internet, där deras meddelanden analyserades med det uppdaterade kodningsschemat. Den fjärde artikeln använder i stället en induktiv ansats. Tematisk analys används för att analysera hur studenter tar ansvar för sin egen och andra studenters problemlösning.

Resultaten visar att elever och studenter spontant tar sig an rollen som handledare. I deras meddelanden där de beskriver vilket problem de har och vad de redan testat eller svarar på andra frågor och bidrar med förslag, uppvisar elever och studenter att de stödjer både sitt egna och andras lärande. Detta demonstrerar att elever och studenter genom att ta ansvar för lärandet i handlarsessionerna kan uppnå metakognitiv utveckling genom själv- och samreglering. Vidare pekar resultaten på att ett kodningsschema med fasta kategorier inte alltid fångar alla delar av den interaktion som sker vid textbaserad handledning via internet. Den tematiska analysen visar att studenter fokuserar på olika aspekter och nivåer av förståelse och lärande medan de stödjer problemlösningen. Avslutningsvis ger denna avhandling råd om hur handledning via internet kan genomföras för att skapa möjlighet för studenter att ta ansvar för sitt eget lärande och uppmuntra studenter att hjälpa varandra.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. , p. IX, 80
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2023:10
National Category
Educational Sciences
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325080ISBN: 978-91-8040-521-8 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-325080DiVA, id: diva2:1746557
Public defence
2023-04-24, F3 / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/64916196179, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-03-31 Created: 2023-03-28 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Revising the Community of Inquiry framework for the analysis of one-to-one online learning relationships
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Revising the Community of Inquiry framework for the analysis of one-to-one online learning relationships
2016 (English)In: International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, E-ISSN 1492-3831, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 36-53Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In online learning research, the theoretical Community of Inquiry framework has been used extensively to analyze processes of inquiry among learners and instructors within a community. This paper examines a special case of community of inquiry consisting of only one learner and one instructor. Together they engage in an online coaching discourse to form a relationship of inquiry. Within these relationships, coachees pass through processes of practical inquiry process while a coach supports the process. In this study, a framework and coding scheme were developed for use in a transcript coding procedure including 3,109 messages from an online coaching case in math for k‑12 students. It is found that the elements of cognitive, teaching, and social presence, as well as the newly proposed emotional presence, which outlines a community of inquiry, comprise an effective structure for the analysis of one-to-one online coaching environments. The findings of this exploratory study suggest that a Relationship of Inquiry framework has the potential to support development of one-to-one online learning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Athabasca University Press, 2016
National Category
Educational Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166650 (URN)10.19173/irrodl.v17i3.2068 (DOI)000380035900004 ()2-s2.0-84969246396 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20160517

Available from: 2015-05-13 Created: 2015-05-13 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
2. Students’ engagement in their own and other students’ process of inquiry
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Students’ engagement in their own and other students’ process of inquiry
2019 (English)In: Proceedings of the ICDE World Conference on Online Learning, 2019Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
National Category
Educational Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258433 (URN)
Conference
Proceedings of the ICDE World Conference on Online Learning
Note

QC 20191011

Available from: 2019-09-10 Created: 2019-09-10 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
3. Online question and answer sessions: How students support their own and other students' processes of inquiry in a text-based learning environment
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Online question and answer sessions: How students support their own and other students' processes of inquiry in a text-based learning environment
2021 (English)In: The Internet and higher education, ISSN 1096-7516, E-ISSN 1873-5525, Vol. 51, article id 100817Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Online tutoring has been found to have a positive impact on student learning in STEM education. The aim of this study was to explore how and to what extent students supported their own and other students' processes of inquiry during online tutoring. More specifically, question and answer sessions (Q&As) were studied, and online tutoring transcripts were analyzed using the Relationship of Inquiry coding scheme adapted from the Community of Inquiry framework. The students interacted voluntarily with each other and with the teachers. The results show that the students supported both their own process of inquiry as well as other students' process of inquiry. Furthermore, the results indicate that students acquired metacognitive development through self- and coregulation when they expressed teaching presence. Overall, we conclude that Q&As have the potential to support student learning when working on assignments in STEM education.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2021
Keywords
Community of Inquiry, Metacognition, Online tutoring, Teaching presence, Transcript, analysis, Q&A
National Category
Educational Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-303042 (URN)10.1016/j.iheduc.2021.100817 (DOI)000696502300002 ()2-s2.0-85108608137 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20211014

Available from: 2021-10-14 Created: 2021-10-14 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
4. Students as spontaneous tutors: How students take responsibility for their own and their peers’ problem-solving in online chat
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Students as spontaneous tutors: How students take responsibility for their own and their peers’ problem-solving in online chat
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Educational Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325078 (URN)
Note

QCR 20230328

Available from: 2023-03-28 Created: 2023-03-28 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(2461 kB)672 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 2461 kBChecksum SHA-512
abec6b69d680f780d0b0eca3facacc8513f7c27365373a7a26309404d425b8bd20fa1bad6bac3e4ab7cbe68127cecd25e278b8989d98be3cf5c877747787bb81
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

http:// Du som saknar dator/ datorvana kan kontakta service@itm.kth.se (English)

Authority records

Jansson, Malin

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Jansson, Malin
By organisation
Digital Learning
Educational Sciences

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 674 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 1790 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf