kth.sePublications KTH
System disruptions
There are recurring service disruptions on some of the search portals due to high traffic. We are working to resolve the issue, you may temporarily encounter an error message.
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Instabilities in the wake of an isolated cylindrical roughness element
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8665-2995
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2186-9277
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3251-8328
2023 (English)In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 960, article id A8Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The instability mechanism behind a geometrically simple cylindrical roughness element continues to be a challenging topic in fluid mechanics. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the phenomena in recent years, but more research is needed to predict the temporal nature and spatial structure of the dominant instability in a given flow configuration. This is of particular interest, as these instabilities dictate the transition to turbulence and thus are significant for large-scale effects such as skin friction drag. A smoke-flow visualization study with a large variation of parameters, featuring a cylindrical roughness element connected to a linear traverse, has been performed. Results show good agreement with previous investigations and provide further insights into the stability properties, revealing several unexpected effects. For a low roughness aspect ratio ?, no global instability is detected even at the highest roughness Reynolds number Rekk, whereas a high aspect ratio indicates a delay in the onset of instability. From the acquired visualizations, we constructed the, so far, richest instability diagram of the wake behind an isolated roughness element in the Rekk-? space, sampled in the same measurement campaign. Furthermore, information regarding the dominant frequency in the wake can be extracted from the visualization images. Our results suggest a new scaling of the frequency as the velocity is increased. Finally, it is shown that the dominant frequency in a certain flow regime can be well predicted using a Strouhal number based on the cylinder diameter and the roughness velocity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press (CUP) , 2023. Vol. 960, article id A8
Keywords [en]
absolute/convective instability, boundary layer stability, transition to turbulence
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-326491DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2023.171ISI: 000960921300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85151528259OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-326491DiVA, id: diva2:1754400
Note

QC 20230503

Available from: 2023-05-03 Created: 2023-05-03 Last updated: 2025-02-09Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Experimental studies on laminar boundary layers: instability, transition and control
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Experimental studies on laminar boundary layers: instability, transition and control
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Experimentella studier av laminära gränsskikt: instabilitet, omslag och kontroll
Abstract [en]

The laminar-turbulent transition in boundary layers is a pivotal process in fluid dynamics, with significant implications for engineering applications. Typical examples are aviation and energy systems, where this process has a tremendous impact on large-scale effects like friction drag and heat transfer. As such, boundary layers and their transition to turbulence have been an active topic of research for more than 100 years, making considerable progress in understanding the underlying physics. For example, we know today that the transition process is not unique. However, even though many phenomena are now understood, significant challenges remain. The present thesis aims to shed light on some aspects of boundary layer transition and control thereof.

We present a series of experimental studies focusing on the instability, transition, and control of laminar boundary layers. Flow instabilities are generally the precursor of turbulence and are therefore studied first, where three phenomena are investigated separately. Natural transition of a boundary layer often occurs due to two-dimensional Tollmien-Schlichting waves. In higher background disturbance flows, the dominating instability in the flow are streamwise streaky structures that govern the transition to turbulence. The third type of investigated flow instability are the structures that develop in the boundary layer behind an isolated roughness element.

If the instabilities in the flow grow beyond a critical amplitude, they will break down to turbulence. A considerable section of the thesis is dedicated to boundary-layer transition under free-stream turbulence. Even though this topic is of great interest for applications such as turbomachinery, it is still not possible to accurately predict the location where transition happens for given flow conditions, even for strongly simplified cases like flat plates. Amongst other topics, we investigate effects that might influence this transition process and have been overlooked previously. Furthermore, phenomena that happen during the transition process, such as the emergence and development of turbulent spots, are studied under various free-stream turbulence conditions.

Finally, we explore passive control strategies to delay the transition to turbulence. This includes the assessment of the feasibility of established techniques to use in realistic engineering applications. Here, flow control devices are designed with the goal to delay transition on the fuselage of an aircraft. On the other hand, new approaches to accomplish transition delay are investigated, where the unfavorable direct disturbance of the boundary layer is minimized, leading to potentially improved transition delay.

Abstract [sv]

Omslaget från laminär till turbulent strömning i gränsskikt är en central process inom strömningsmekaniken med betydande innebörd i tekniska tillämpningar. Typiska exempel på tillämpningar återfinns framför allt inom flygsektorn och inom olika energisystem där omslaget har en stor inverkan på både friktionsmotstånd och värmeöverföring. Gränsskikt och dess omslag till turbulens har varit ett aktivt forskningsområde i över 100 år och därmed har betydande framsteg gjorts för den fysikaliska förståelsen av denna process. Idag vet vi exempelvis att omslaget kan ta olika vägar till ett turbulent tillstånd, men trots många insikter kvarstår betydande utmaningar. Denna avhandling syftar till att belysa några aspekter på omslaget i gränsskikt och dess kontroll.

Vi presenterar en serie experimentella studier med fokus på instabiliteter, omslag och kontroll av laminära gränsskikt. I allmänhet kan man säga att turbulens föregås av flödesinstabiliteter och därför fokuserar vi inledningsvis på tre kända störningar. Vid låg bakgrundstörning domineras omslaget av två-dimensionella vågor, även kallade Tollmien-Schlichting vågor. Om nivån av bakgrundsstörningen ökar kommer omslaget i stället att domineras av tillväxten av hög- och låghastighetsstråk i strömningsriktningen. Den tredje typen av flödesinstabilitet som undersöks här är de strukturer som utvecklas bakom ett isolerat ytråhetselement i gränsskiktet.

Om instabiliteterna i flödet växer över en kritisk amplitud kommer störningarna att initiera omslaget till turbulens. Avhandlingen handlar till stor del om hur friströmsturbulens (hög bakgrundsstörning) påverkar omslaget i gränsskikt. Trots de många tillämpningar som finns, som exempelvis turbomaskiner, så är det fortfarande svårt att förutspå var omslaget sker på idealiserade geometrier. I detta avhandlingsarbete har vi bland annat undersökt effekter som kan påverka denna typ av omslag och som tidigare har förbisetts. Vidare studeras de fenomen som inträffar under omslagsprocessen, såsom uppkomst och utveckling av turbulenta fläckar.

Slutligen utforskar vi passiva kontrollmetoder för att senarelägga omslaget till turbulens. Detta inkluderar att bedöma genomförbarheten av etablerade tekniker för användning i verkliga tillämpningar. Här har virvelgeneratorer för flödeskontroll designats med målet att senarelägga omslaget till turbulens på en flygplanskropp. Dessutom har nya tillvägagångssätt undersökts för att senarelägga omslaget, där den destabiliserande effekten av virvelgeneratorerna i sig har minimerats. Detta kan potentiellt leda till förbättrad kontroll och fördröjning av omslaget.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 231
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2024:50
Keywords
boundary layers, flow instabilities, roughness element, laminar-turbulent transition, free-stream turbulence, transition delay, miniature-vortex generators, gränsskikt, flödesinstabiliteter, råhetselement, laminär-turbulent omslag, friströmsturbulens, fördröjning av omslaget, miniatyrvirvelgeneratorer
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Engineering Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-357098 (URN)978-91-8106-096-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-12-19, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 6, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC241204

Available from: 2024-12-04 Created: 2024-12-03 Last updated: 2026-01-13Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Weingärtner, AndréMamidala, Santhosh B.Fransson, Jens H. M.

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Weingärtner, AndréMamidala, Santhosh B.Fransson, Jens H. M.
By organisation
Fluid Mechanics and Engineering AcousticsEngineering Mechanics
In the same journal
Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 768 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf