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Detecting GNSS misbehavior leveraging secure heterogeneous time sources
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Communication Systems, CoS. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS. (Networked Systems Security (NSS))ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8919-0098
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Network and Systems Engineering. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3267-5374
2023 (English)In: IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS), Monterey, California, April 24-27, 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2023Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Civilian Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)vulnerabilities are a threat to a wide gamut of critical systems.GNSS receivers, as part of the encompassing platform, can leverage external information to detect GNSS attacks. Specifically, cross-checking the time produced by the GNSS receiver against multiple trusted time sources can provide robust and assuredPNT. In this work, we explore the combination of secure remote,network-based time providers and local precision oscillators. This multi-layered defense mechanism detects GNSS attacks that induce even small time offsets, including attacks mounted in cold start. Our system does not require any modification to the current structure of the GNSS receiver, it is agnostic to the satellite constellation and the attacker type. This makes time-based data validation of GNSS information compatible with existing receivers and readily deployable.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2023.
National Category
Signal Processing Communication Systems Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-326762DOI: 10.1109/PLANS53410.2023.10140008ISI: 001022344800114Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85162923832OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-326762DiVA, id: diva2:1756049
Conference
IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS), Monterey, California, April 24-27, 2023
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
Note

QC 20230517

Available from: 2023-05-10 Created: 2023-05-10 Last updated: 2025-03-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Data verification for GNSS systems and protection of GNSS services
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Data verification for GNSS systems and protection of GNSS services
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide ubiquitous precise localization and synchronization for a wide gamut of applications, spanning from location-based service to core industrial functionalities in communications and large infrastructure. Civilian use of GNSS relies on publicly available signals and infrastructure designed to operate at a high level of interoperability. Nevertheless, such systems proved to be vulnerable to voluntary and involuntary interference aiming to deny, modify, and falsify the GNSS-provided solution. This poses a significant threat to the robustness of satellite-based timing and localization. A decreasing entry threshold from the knowledge and tools accessibility perspective makes mounting such attacks feasible and effective even against low-value targets. In this work, this issue is targeted, with a practical approach, from three directions, by cross-checking the navigation solution with alternative providers of time, by localizing the interference source and characterizing it, and by relying on specific receiver dynamics to eliminate falsified signals. We discuss protection mechanisms targeting the consumer market based on available infrastructure or on sensing supported by sensors embedded in the GNSS-enabled platform itself. These efforts collectively aim to improve the robustness of consumer GNSS solutions, without modifying the GNSS receiver or the signal structure, to provide secure and reliable navigation and timing in an increasingly adversarial environment.

Abstract [sv]

Globala system för satellitnavigering (eng. global navigation satellite systems, GNSS) tillhandahåller allestädes närvarande precis platsbestämning och synkronisering för ett brett spann av tillämpningar, från platsbaserade tjänster till industriella kärnfunktioner i kommunikation och stora infrastrukturer. Civil användning av GNSS förlitar sig på allmänt tillgängliga signaler och infrastruktur som är designad att användas på en hög nivå av interoperabilitet. Dessa system har visat sig sårbara för störningar som söker att neka, modifiera och falsifiera GNSS-lösningar. Detta utgör ett allvarligt hot mot tillförlitligheten av satellitbaserad tids- och platsbestämning. En sänkning av tröskeln för tillgängligheten av kunskap och verktyg gör det möjligt och effektivt att inleda sådana attacker, även mot lågvärdesmål. I detta verk angrips problemet praktiskt via tre tillvägagångssätt: genom dubbelkontroll av navigationslösningen med alternativa internettidsleverantörer, genom lokalisering av störningskällan och karaktärisera den, och genom att förlita sig på specifik mottagardynamik för att eliminera falsifierade signaler. Vi diskuterar skyddsmekanismer ämnade för konsumentmarknaden baserat på tillgänglig infrastruktur eller m.h.a. mätningar från inbyggda sensorer i GNSS-plattformen i sig. Dessa ansträngningar söker att gemensamt förbättra tillförlitligheten hos konsument GNSS-lösningar, utan att modifiera GNSS-mottagaren eller signalstrukturen, för att erbjuda säker ochpålitlig navigation och tid i en alltmer fientlig miljö

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. xxvi, 62
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:36
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Information and Communication Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-361272 (URN)978-91-8106-231-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-04-15, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62121217840, Sal C, Kistagången 16, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20250317

Available from: 2025-03-17 Created: 2025-03-17 Last updated: 2025-10-30Bibliographically approved

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Spanghero, MarcoPapadimitratos, Panos

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