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Portable electroanalytical nucleic acid amplification tests using printed circuit boards and open-source electronics
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6371-6055
International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7002-1382
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology.
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2022 (English)In: The Analyst, ISSN 0003-2654, E-ISSN 1364-5528, Vol. 147, no 19, p. 4249-4256Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The realization of electrochemical nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) at the point of care (POC) is highly desirable, but it remains a challenge given their high cost and lack of true portability/miniaturization. Here we show that mass-produced, industrial standardized, printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be repurposed to act as near-zero cost electrodes for self-assembled monolayer-based DNA biosensing, and further integration with a custom-designed and low-cost portable potentiostat. To show the analytical capability of this system, we developed a NAAT using isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification, bypassing the need of thermal cyclers, followed by an electrochemical readout relying on a sandwich hybridization assay. We used our sensor and device for analytical detection of the toxic microalgae Ostreopsis cf. ovata as a proof of concept. This work shows the potential of PCBs and open-source electronics to be used as powerful POC DNA biosensors at a low-cost. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) , 2022. Vol. 147, no 19, p. 4249-4256
Keywords [en]
Biosensing Techniques, DNA, Electronics, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Recombinases, Costs, Nucleic acids, Self assembled monolayers, Timing circuits, Voltage regulators, recombinase, DNA biosensing, Electrochemicals, High costs, Low-costs, Miniaturisation, Nucleic acids amplification, Open-source, Point of care, Potentiostats, genetic procedures, genetics, Printed circuit boards
National Category
Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-327273DOI: 10.1039/d2an00923dISI: 000842617500001PubMedID: 35993403Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85138024123OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-327273DiVA, id: diva2:1758665
Note

QC 20230523

Available from: 2023-05-23 Created: 2023-05-23 Last updated: 2024-10-02Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Electroanalytical Platforms Based on Textiles and Printed Circuit Boards for Point-of-Need Tests
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Electroanalytical Platforms Based on Textiles and Printed Circuit Boards for Point-of-Need Tests
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Point-of-need devices perform analytical tests that help inform decisions where they are needed, away from modern lab infrastructure, be it in-field or in resource-poor settings. They have many applications, including veterinary medicine, agriculture, food safety, environmental monitoring, and forensics. In medical diagnostics, such devices are called point-of-care tests, and they could help combat societal challenges such as the spread of epidemic diseases and providing adequate healthcare in developing countries. Point-of-care devices could also be wearable to non-invasively monitor body fluids such as sweat or urine from the patient. Ideal point-of-care devices conform with the REASSURED criteria, that they should be Real-time connected, Easy to collect samples, Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid, robust, Equipment-free, environmentally friendly, and Deliverable to the end user.

We have here developed Point-of-need devices based on textiles and Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs); both well-established technologies that could offer low-cost mass production using existing industrial resources. Specifically, we have made electrochemical biosensors based on gold-coated yarn in a rolling architecture, as well as combined with wicking Coolmax® yarn acting as microfluidic channels in wearable systems, enabling advanced textile-based diagnostic devices suitable for automation or machine-stitching into fabrics. We also showed biosensors based on gold-coated PCBs that can connect to portable potentiostats for electrochemical detection and have integrated heating for isothermal nucleic acid amplification.

Abstract [sv]

Fälttestsenheter utför analytiska tester som hjälper till att informera beslut där de behövs, separat från modern labbinfrastruktur, vare sig det är i fält eller i resurssvaga områden. De har många tillämpningar, inklusive veterinärmedicin, jordbruk, livsmedelssäkerhet, miljöövervakning och kriminalteknik. Inom medicinsk diagnostik kallas sådana apparater patientnära tester, och de kan hjälpa till att bekämpa samhällsutmaningar såsom spridning av epidemiska sjukdomar och tillhandahållande av adekvat sjukvård i utvecklingsländer. Patientnära testenheter kan också vara bärbara för att icke-invasivt övervaka kroppsvätskor såsom svett eller urin från patienten. Idealiska patientnära enheter korresponderar med REASSURED-kriterierna, att de ska vara realtidsanslutna, lätta att samla in prover, prisvärda, känsliga, specifika, användarvänliga, snabba, robusta, utrustningsfria, miljövänliga och leveransbara till slutanvändaren. Vi har här utvecklat fälttestenheter baserade på textilmaterial och mönsterkort; båda väletablerade teknologier som skulle kunna erbjuda massproduktion till låg kostnad med hjälp av befintliga industriella resurser. Specifikt har vi tillverkat elektrokemiska biosensorer baserade på guldbelagt garn i en rullande arkitektur, samt kombinerat med vätande Coolmax®-garn som fungerar som mikrofluidkanaler i bärbara system, vilket möjliggör avancerade textilbaserade diagnostiska enheter lämpliga för automatisering eller maskinsömnad i tyger. Vi visade också biosensorer baserade på guldbelagda PCB som kan ansluta till bärbara potentiostater för elektrokemisk detektering ha integrerad värmefunktion för isotermisk nukleinsyraamplifiering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 45
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2024:36
Keywords
Point-of-Care Diagnostics, Electrochemical Biosensors, Microfluidic Textile-based Analytical Devices, Lab-on-PCB, Patientnära diagnostik, elektrokemiska biosensorer, mikrofluidiska textilbaserade analytiska enheter, Lab-on-PCB
National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials Cell and Molecular Biology Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering Other Medical Engineering
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-354239 (URN)978-91-8106-046-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-10-25, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 6, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20241003

Available from: 2024-10-03 Created: 2024-10-02 Last updated: 2025-12-02Bibliographically approved

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Toldrà Filella, AnnaKhaliliazar, ShirinLandin, RomanChondrogiannis, GeorgiosHanze, MartinReu, PedroHamedi, Mahiar

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Toldrà Filella, AnnaKhaliliazar, ShirinLandin, RomanChondrogiannis, GeorgiosHanze, MartinReu, PedroHamedi, Mahiar
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