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Transition from physical to online shopping alternatives due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of Italy and Sweden
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0575-5213
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL.
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2011-6273
2023 (English)In: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, ISSN 0965-8564, E-ISSN 1879-2375, Vol. 171, article id 103644Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Using 530 responses from an online questionnaire, this study aims to investigate the transition from physical to online shopping alternatives during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic at the individual level. The focus areas of the study are Sweden and Italy, two European countries that implemented contrasting prevention measures. This study analyses the impacts of the pandemic on the transition to online shopping activities, and identifies who among the respondents changed their shopping behaviour the most and how; and what the different shopping strategies are and who adopted them. Multivariate statistical analyses, including linear and binary logistic regressions and multinomial logit models, were used to analyse the dataset. In the analysis, the dataset was split between Italy and Sweden to take into account the contrasting prevention measures and the different social and economic backgrounds of the two countries; the results of this study confirm and highlight these differences. Moreover, the socio-demographic and household structures of the respondents were found to influence the amount and the direction of change in shopping behaviour during the first wave of the pandemic. The study also indicates some policies that can be implemented and/or further strengthened to increase the resilience of citizens in facing pandemics and to derive benefit from the behavioural changes that took place during the first wave of the pandemic.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2023. Vol. 171, article id 103644
Keywords [en]
Behavioural change, COVID-19, Online shopping, Prevention measures
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-330985DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103644ISI: 001035781500001PubMedID: 36960356Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85150774941OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-330985DiVA, id: diva2:1780048
Note

QC 20230705

Available from: 2023-07-05 Created: 2023-07-05 Last updated: 2024-10-28Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Impacts of innovations and policies on sustainability within road freight transport: using a system thinking lens
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impacts of innovations and policies on sustainability within road freight transport: using a system thinking lens
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Road freight transport systems are complex socio-technical systems where freight services are provided through various technological solutions, with the involvement of several stakeholders. Despite the benefits of road freight transport to the economy and society, it also has substantial drawbacks for our current and future society, such as greenhouse gas emissions, congestion, air pollution, noise and poor working conditions. Therefore, several transport concepts and policies, such as electric vehicles and carbon taxes, are being explored and implemented within the private and public sectors to mitigate the externalities of road freight transport systems and achieve more sustainable systems.

Understanding sustainability transitions requires a holistic approach that includes multiple dimensions of sustainability and the perspectives of various stakeholders. Therefore, this thesis uses a System Thinking lens to achieve a system-level understanding of sustainability. Moreover, the dynamics and feedback structures of sustainability transitions are considered in order to identify leverage points and avoid policy resistance.

This thesis aims to understand the impacts of transport concepts and policies on the sustainability of road freight transport systems. A mixed-method approach, including surveys, interviews, and System Dynamics modelling is used to study the impacts of COVID-19 regulations, electric trucks, city hubs, cargo bikes, automation and off-peak hour deliveries. Moreover, policies impacting the adoption of electric trucks and city hubs are explored.

This thesis's results indicate that collaboration is required to achieve sustainability. However, collaboration is complex since stakeholders often have conflicting goals. Applying System Dynamics as a modelling method allows for understanding the right place and time to implement various policies. In this thesis, the simulation of different policy scenarios enables the consideration of the consequences of these policies from both short- and long-term perspectives. This knowledge benefits decision-makers in the private and public sectors in making decisions that shift road freight transport systems towards sustainability.

Abstract [sv]

Vägtransportsystem för gods är komplexa socio-tekniska system där godstransporter tillhandahålls genom olika teknologiska lösningar, med inblandning av flera intressenter. Trots de fördelar som vägtransporter för gods har för ekonomin och samhället, medför de också betydande nackdelar för vårt nuvarande och framtida samhälle, såsom utsläpp av växthusgaser, trängsel, luftföroreningar, buller och dåliga arbetsförhållanden. Därför utforskas och implementeras flera transportkoncept och policyer, som elfordon och koldioxidskatter, inom både den privata och offentliga sektorn för att minska de negativa effekterna av vägtransportsystem för gods och uppnå mer hållbara system.

För att förstå hållbara omställningar krävs ett holistiskt angreppssätt som inkluderar flera dimensioner av hållbarhet och flera perspektiv från olika intressenter. Denna avhandling använder därför ett Systemtänkande för att uppnå en förståelse av hållbarhet på systemnivå. Dessutom beaktas dynamiken och återkopplingsstrukturerna i hållbara omställningar för att identifiera hävstångspunkter och undvika policyresistens.

Syftet med denna avhandling är att förstå effekterna av transportkoncept och policyer på hållbarheten i vägtransportsystem för gods. En blandning av metoder som inkluderar enkäter, intervjuer och systemdynamisk modellering används för att studera effekterna av i) COVID-19-regleringar, ii) el-lastbilar, iii) stadshubbar, iv) lastcyklar, v) automatisering och vi) nattleveranser. Dessutom utforskas policyer som påverkar införandet av el-lastbilar och stadshubbar.

Resultaten från denna avhandling visar att samarbete krävs för att uppnå hållbarhet. Samarbete är dock komplext eftersom intressenter ofta har motstridiga mål. Därför behövs offentliga policyer. Genom att tillämpa systemdynamik som modelleringsmetod möjliggörs en förståelse för rätt plats och rätt tid att implementera olika policyer. Simulering av olika policyscenarier ger möjlighet att överväga dessa konsekvenser ur både kort- och långsiktiga perspektiv. Denna kunskap är till nytta för beslutsfattare inom privat och offentlig sektor när de ska fatta beslut för omställning till hållbara godstransportsystem.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 112
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2024:20
Keywords
road freight transport systems; sustainability transitions; System Thinking; System Dynamics; policy analysis., vägtransportsystem för gods; hållbara omställningar; systemtänkande; systemdynamik; policysanalys.
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-355123 (URN)978-91-8106-100-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-12-03, F3 / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66583637885, Lindstedtsvägen 26-28, Stockholm, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
HITS 2024
Funder
Vinnova, 2020-00565
Available from: 2024-11-04 Created: 2024-10-28 Last updated: 2024-11-27Bibliographically approved

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Andruetto, ClaudiaBin, ElisaPernestål Brenden, Anna

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