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Condition assessment of cycle path texture and evenness using a bicycle measurement trailer
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Materials. Swedish Natl Rd & Transport Res Inst VTI, Linköping, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0334-9940
Swedish Natl Rd & Transport Res Inst VTI, Linköping, Sweden..
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Materials. Swedish Natl Rd & Transport Res Inst VTI, Linköping, Sweden; Univ Iceland, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Reykjavik, Iceland..ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4256-3034
Swedish Natl Rd & Transport Res Inst VTI, Linköping, Sweden..
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2023 (English)In: The international journal of pavement engineering, ISSN 1029-8436, E-ISSN 1477-268X, Vol. 24, no 1, article id 2262085Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cyclists' riding comfort, related to pavement texture and unevenness, has not been thourougly investigated, partly due to the lack of condition assessment methods specifically adapted to the speed and space limits on cycle paths. Metrics that better describe the perceived comfort of cyclists, rather than that of car users, are needed. In this paper a novel method, the Bicycle Measurement Trailer (BMT), is proposed to bridge this gap. Eight different cycle path surface types have been assessed with regards to pavement texture and for four of these surfaces the longitudinal evenness was assessed. The accuracy and repeatability of the BMT were evaluated. Finally, five different metrics (Dynamic Comfort Index, Evenness Coefficient, 0.5 m Straight Edge, International Roughness Index and Root Mean Square), were calculated from the collected data and assessed. The main findings suggest that the BMT has a high accuracy at normal and high cycling speeds and a high level of repeatability at normal cycling speed. The surfaces could be ranked according to texture, and the evenness was successfully analysed. In conclusion, the BMT could be a valuable tool to assess the cycle path surface condition in relation to bicycle riding comfort.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Informa UK Limited , 2023. Vol. 24, no 1, article id 2262085
Keywords [en]
Cycling comfort, cycle paths, road surface measurements, surface evenness, surface texture
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-338954DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2023.2262085ISI: 001080147500001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85173615478OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-338954DiVA, id: diva2:1808723
Note

QC 20231101

Available from: 2023-11-01 Created: 2023-11-01 Last updated: 2025-04-29Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Structural design, degradation and condition assessment of cycle paths
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Structural design, degradation and condition assessment of cycle paths
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A shift in modal share from car driving to cycling has many benefits, e.g., health benefits from increased physical activity and less pollution and congestion. A smooth cycle path surface with sufficient friction is important for cyclist traffic safety, comfort and level of service. Cracks and surface unevenness are frequent maintenance-related deficiencies associated with the degradation of the structure. A purpose of this thesis is to identify degradation factors specific for cycle paths, through a state-of-the-art literature review. The review is complemented by four appended papers. Paper A analyses the stated distress modes and causes reported on Swedish municipal cycle paths with respect to climatic and population data. Paper B evaluates a novel method for condition assessments on cycle paths related to cycling comfort—the Bicycle Measurement Trailer. PaperC proposes alternative deflection bowl parameters for structural evaluation of cycle paths from in-situ falling weight deflectometer and light weight deflectometer measurements. Paper D reports on the results of full-scale testing on instrumented cycle path structures. The main results from the papers indicate that surface roughness and unevenness, longitudinal cracks and edge deformations are the most common distress modes. The main reasons behind this distress are structural interventions, tree roots, frost heave and heavy vehicles. The load-bearing capacity close to the pavement edge and at increased moisture content is reduced. The proposed alternative approaches for cycle path condition assessment were able to assess the surface roughness and evenness, along with the structural condition, for practical applications on the investigated cycle paths. The conclusions of the thesis suggest that the structural design principles for cycle paths in the Swedish structural design manual needs to be updated. Models that better describe the behaviour of thin-surfaced asphalt pavements, especially with respect to climate, should be developed. More studies are recommended to validate the proposed condition assessment approaches.

Abstract [sv]

En förflyttning av bilresor till cykeltrafik har många fördelar, t.ex. förbättrad folkhälsa genom ökad fysisk aktivitet och minskade föroreningar och trängsel. En slät yta med adekvat friktion är viktigt för cyklisternas trafiksäkerhet, komfort och framkomlighet. Sprickor och ojämnheter är vanligt förekommande underhållsrelaterade brister som är kopplade till cykelvägens nedbrytning. Ett syfte med den här avhandlingen är att identifiera specifika nedbrytningsfaktorer för cykelvägar. Det görs genom en litteraturgenomgång och fyra vetenskapliga artiklar. Paper A analyserar skador och skadeorsaker, som rapporterats av svenska kommuner, med avseende på klimat och befolkningsdata. Paper B utvärderar en ny metod för tillståndsbedömningar av cykelvägar som beaktar cyklisters komfort—Cykelmätvagnen. Paper C föreslår en uppsättning alternativa deflektions bassängparametrar för hållfasthetsutvärdering av cykelvägar baserat på fältundersökning med fallviktsmätningar. Paper D rapporterar resultat från fullskaligare sponsmätningar på instrumenterade cykelvägskonstruktioner. Huvudresultaten från artiklarna indikerar att lokala ojämnheter, längsgående sprickor och kantdeformationer är de vanligaste skadetyperna. De vanligaste bakomliggande orsakerna uppges vara avgrävningar, trädrötter, tjällyft och tunga fordon. Cykelvägens bärförmåga minskar i närheten av cykelvägskanten och vid ett ökat fuktinehåll i konstruktionen. De föreslagna metoderna för tillståndsbedömning av cykelvägar visade sig kunna bedöma cykelvägytornas textur och jämnhet samt det strukturella tillståndet på ett bra sätt för de undersökta cykelvägarna. Avhandlingens slutsatser poängterar att principerna för dimensionering av cykelvägar enligt Trafikverkets krav eller rekommendationer bör uppdateras. Modeller som bättre beskriver tunna asfaltkonstruktioners beteende bör utvecklas, speciellt när det gäller hur de påverkas av klimatfaktorer. Mer studier behövs för att validera de föreslagna tillstånds bedömningsmetoderna.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 123
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 257
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-362902 (URN)978-91-8106-265-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-05-23, F3, Lindstedtvägen 28, KTH Campus, Public video conference link https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/64755531941, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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Supervisors
Note

QC 20250429

Available from: 2025-04-29 Created: 2025-04-29 Last updated: 2025-12-17Bibliographically approved

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Larsson, MartinErlingsson, Sigurdur

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