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Electro-Interfacial Composition Control by Ionic Liquid Technology: Nanostructure, Self-Assembly, and Friction
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7195-1792
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Given the potential of ionic liquids (ILs) for batteries, supercapacitors and advanced lubricants, it is crucial to understand how electric fields affect the interfacial behaviour in IL-solvent systems and the intricate relationship between nanostructure and tribotronic properties. This thesis investigates the structural and compositional changes of ILs with different solvents at electrified interfaces.

The four papers constituting this thesis can be broadly divided into two studies. The first study outlines the electro-interfacial behaviour of various monocationic (MILs) and dicationic ILs (DILs) dispersed in propylene carbonate. Combining electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, neutron reflectivity (EC-NR), and atomic force microscopy, a voltage-induced interphase transition from a self-assembled cation bilayer to a conventional electrical double-layer structure has been revealed in bis(oxalato)borate anion MILs. This interphase transition has not been observed in DILs, attributed to the dual charge centres reducing the segregation between polar and apolar domains of dications for self-assembly interaction. 

The second study explores three MILs sharing the same phosphonium cation with varying orthoborate-based anions dissolved in 2-ethylhexyl laurate (2-EHL). EC-NR measurements reveal a solvent-rich interfacial corona layer and the subtlety of anion architecture in tuning electro-interfacial properties. Meanwhile, EC-NR has been used as a complementary probe to elucidate the nano-scale structural and compositional changes in the boundary films of IL/2-EHL systems with varying potentials, providing a direct link between the molecular controllability and macroscopic tribotronic performance studies.

This thesis contributes to the fundamental understanding of electro-interfacial behaviour and controllability of IL-solvent systems and offers valuable molecular insights for deploying these novel ILs as additives in advanced tribological and electrochemical contexts.

Abstract [sv]

Med tanke på potentialen hos jonvätskor (IL) för batterier, superkondensatorer och avancerade smörjmedel är det viktigt att förstå hur elektriska fält påverkar gränsytans beteende i IL-lösningsmedelssystem och det intrikata förhållandet mellan nanostrukturer och tribotroniska egenskaper. Denna avhandling undersöks strukturella och kompositionella förändringar av ILs med olika lösningsmedel vid elektrifierade gränssnitt.

Avhandlingen baseras på fyra artiklar och kan grovt delas i två bredare studier. Den första studien beskriver det elektro-interfaciala beteendet hos olika monokatjoniska (MILs) och dikatjoniska ILs (DILs) dispergerade i propylenkarbonat. Kombinationen av elektrokemisk kvartskristallmikro-balans, neutronreflektivitet (EC-NR) och atomkraftsmikroskopi har lett till avslöjandet av en spänningsinducerad fasövergång från ett självassocierad katjonbilager till en konventionell elektrisk dubbelskiktsstruktur i MIL med bis(oxalato)boratanjon. Denna interfasövergång har inte observerats i DILs, vilket tillskrivs de dubbla laddningscentra som minskar segregeringen mellan polära och apolära domäner av dikationer för självassoceringsinteraktion. 

Den andra studien undersöker tre MIL som delar samma fosfoniumkatjon med olika ortoboratbaserade anjoner löst i 2-etylhexyllaurat (2-EHL). EC-NR-mätningar avslöjar ett lösningsmedelsrikt korona-skikt i gränsytan och hur anjonarkitekturen påverkar de elektro-interfaciala egenskaperna. Samtidigt har EC-NR belyst de nanoskaliga strukturella och kompositionella förändringarna i gränsskikten i IL/2-EHL-system med varierande potentialer, vilket ger en direkt koppling av den molekylära styrbarheten och makroskopiska tribotroniska prestandan.

Denna avhandling bidrar till den grundläggande förståelsen av elektro-interfacial beteende och styrbarhet hos IL-lösningsmedelssystem och erbjuder värdefulla molekylära insikter för att använda dessa nya IL som tillsatser i avancerade tribologiska och elektrokemiska sammanhang.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. , p. 73
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2023:61
Keywords [en]
Ionic liquids, electrical double layer, self-assembly, electro-interfacial structure, tribotronics, supercapacitors, friction, lubrication
Keywords [sv]
Jonvätskor, elektriskt dubbelskikt, självassociering, gränsskiktselektrostruktur, tribotronik, superkondensatorer, friktion, smörjning
National Category
Physical Chemistry
Research subject
Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-342025ISBN: 978-91-8040-807-3 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-342025DiVA, id: diva2:1826061
Public defence
2024-03-01, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68134795851, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, EM16-0013Swedish Research Council, 2017-04080
Note

QC 20240112

Available from: 2024-01-12 Created: 2024-01-10 Last updated: 2025-12-02Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Tuneable interphase transitions in ionic liquid/carrier systems via voltage control
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2023 (English)In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 652, p. 1240-1249Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The structure and interaction of ionic liquids (ILs) influence their interfacial composition, and their arrangement (i.e., electric double-layer (EDL) structure), can be controlled by an electric field. Here, we employed a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to study the electrical response of two non-halogenated phosphonium orthoborate ILs, dissolved in a polar solvent at the interface. The response is influenced by the applied voltage, the structure of the ions, and the solvent polarizability. One IL showed anomalous electro-responsivity, suggesting a self-assembly bilayer structure of the IL cation at the gold interface, which transitions to a typical EDL structure at higher positive potential. Neutron reflectivity (NR) confirmed this interfacial structuring and compositional changes at the electrified gold surface. A cation-dominated self-assembly structure is observed for negative and neutral voltages, which abruptly transitions to an anion-rich interfacial layer at positive voltages. An interphase transition explains the electro-responsive behaviour of self-assembling IL/carrier systems, pertinent for ILs in advanced tribological and electrochemical contexts.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2023
Keywords
Electric double-layer structure, Interfacial layers, Neutron reflectivity, Non-halogenated ionic liquids, Quartz crystal microbalance
National Category
Materials Chemistry Physical Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-336564 (URN)10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.111 (DOI)001076553900001 ()37657223 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85169028681 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20231123

Available from: 2023-09-18 Created: 2023-09-18 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
2. Anion Architecture Controls Structure and Electroresponsivity of Anhalogenous Ionic Liquids in a Sustainable Fluid
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Anion Architecture Controls Structure and Electroresponsivity of Anhalogenous Ionic Liquids in a Sustainable Fluid
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Keywords
Ionic liquid, SANS small-angle neutron scattering, NR neutron reflectivity, 2- EHL 2-ethylhexyl laurate, sustainable tribology, supercapacitors, tribotronics, electrointerfacial response, nonhalogenated ionic liquid
National Category
Physical Chemistry Materials Chemistry
Research subject
Chemistry; Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-342021 (URN)
Note

QC 20240115

Available from: 2024-01-09 Created: 2024-01-09 Last updated: 2024-01-15Bibliographically approved
3. Dicationic versus Monocationic Non-Halogenated Ionic Liquids in an Organic Solvent: Nanostructure and Electro-Intercalative Crowding
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dicationic versus Monocationic Non-Halogenated Ionic Liquids in an Organic Solvent: Nanostructure and Electro-Intercalative Crowding
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Keywords
Dicationic Ionic Liquid, Neutron Reflectivity, Small-angle Neutron Scattering
National Category
Physical Chemistry
Research subject
Chemistry; Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-342022 (URN)
Note

QC 20240115

Available from: 2024-01-09 Created: 2024-01-09 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
4. Tribotronic traction control through ionic boundary films: influence of cation architecture
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tribotronic traction control through ionic boundary films: influence of cation architecture
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Keywords
Tribology, Tribotronic, Mini traction machine, Neutron Reflectivity
National Category
Physical Chemistry Other Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Chemistry; Materials Science and Engineering; Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-342023 (URN)
Note

QC 20240115

Available from: 2024-01-10 Created: 2024-01-10 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved

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Li, Sichao

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