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Electrochemical model-based aging-adaptive fast charging of automotive lithium-ion cells
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Decision and Control Systems (Automatic Control).
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Applied Electrochemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1733-4248
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Fast charging of electric vehicles remains a compromise between charging time and degradation penalty. Conventional battery management systems use experience-based charging protocols that are expected to meet vehicle lifetime goals. Novel electrochemical model-based battery fast charging uses a model to observe internal battery states. This enables control of charging rates based on states such as the lithium-plating potential but relies on an accurate model as well as accurate model parameters. However, the impact of battery degradation on the model’s accuracy and therefore the fitness of the estimated optimal charging procedure is often not considered. In this work, we therefore investigate electrochemical model-based aging-adaptive fast charging of automotive lithium-ion cells. First, an electrochemical model is identified at the beginning of life for 6 automotive prototype cells and the electrochemically constrained fast-charge is designed. The model parameters are then periodically re-evaluated during a cycling study and the charging procedure is updated to account for cell degradation. The proposed method is compared with two reference protocols to investigate both the effectiveness of selected electrochemical constraints as well as the benefit of aging-adaptive usage. Finally, post-mortem characterization is presented to highlight the benefit of aging-adaptive battery utilization.

Keywords [en]
Battery management system, Electrochemical control, Fast charging, Battery parametrization, Battery degradation, Aging-aware usage
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-342153OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-342153DiVA, id: diva2:1827624
Note

QC 20240116

Available from: 2024-01-15 Created: 2024-01-15 Last updated: 2024-01-16Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Identifying Parameters for Aging-Adaptive Battery Management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Identifying Parameters for Aging-Adaptive Battery Management
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The modern transportation system is largely based on fossil fuels. To reduce this reliance on oil and gas and thereby drastically reduce emissions, a transition to renewable power sources is necessary. Lithium-ion batteries are the most established candidate for electromobility applications, with suitable energy and power densities. However, their limited lifetime is often further reduced by inadequate battery utilization. Battery usage is overseen by the battery management system relying on different models to determine for instance the charging procedure or estimate the state of charge. Degradation affects internal rate-determining processes and precise battery management is only possible if the used model resolves the battery-internal states and accounts for their changes. In this thesis, I therefore investigate if suitable adjustments to usage can prolong battery lifetime. To achieve such aging-adaptive battery management, the online diagnosis of degradation is paramount. 

A novel method for the identification of electrochemical parameters relying on optimal experiment design is presented. The operando identification of electrochemical parameters is demonstrated using an established physics-based model and improved accuracy of the model and the estimated parameter set is shown. The method is then utilized to estimate parameter changes in a cycling study on commercial cells, highlighting how beginning-of-life estimates quickly become obsolete. Identified parameter estimates correlate with post-mortem analysis and therefore offer meaningful insight into battery degradation. The information content in real-world driving patterns is investigated for three distinct heavy-duty vehicle types. We show that it is possible to gain meaningful insight into battery degradation from such driving data alone but the information content heavily depends on usage type. Finally, the benefit of the proposed aging-adaptive battery management is demonstrated for fast charging of automotive prototype cells. 

Abstract [sv]

Det moderna transportsystemet är till stor del baserat på fossila bränslen. För att minska beroendet av olja och gas och därmed drastiskt minska utsläppen krävs en övergång till förnybara energikällor. Eldrift med litiumjonbatterier är den mest etablerade kandidaten, med tillräcklig energi- och effekttäthet. Deras redan begränsade livslängd förkortas dock ofta ytterligare av otillräcklig batterihantering. Batterianvändningen övervakas av ett batteristyrningssystem som förlitar sig på olika modeller för att t.ex. bestämma laddningsstrategin eller uppskatta laddningstillståndet. Åldring av batteriet påverkar interna hastighetsbestämmande processer och exakt batterihantering är endast möjlig om den använda modellen visar batteriets interna tillstånd och tar hänsyn till dess förändringar. I denna avhandling undersöker jag därför om lämpliga justeringar av användningen kan förlänga batteriets livslängd. För att uppnå en sådan åldringsanpassad batterihantering är onlinediagnos av åldring av största vikt. 

En ny metod för identifiering av elektrokemiska parametrar som bygger på design av optimala experiment presenteras. Operandoidentifiering av elektrokemiska parametrar demonstreras med hjälp av en etablerad fysikbaserad modell, och förbättrad precision för modellen och det uppskattade parametersetet visas. Metoden används sedan för att uppskatta parameterförändringar i en åldringsstudie på kommersiella celler, vilken belyser hur initiala uppskattade parametrar snabbt blir föråldrade. Identifierade parametrar korrelerar med post-mortem-analys och ger därför en meningsfull inblick i batteriets åldring. Informationsinnehållet i verkliga körmönster undersöks för tre olika tunga fordonstyper. Vi visar att det är möjligt att få en meningsfull inblick i batteriets åldring enbart från sådana kördata, men informationsinnehållet beror starkt på användningstyp. Slutligen demonstreras fördelarna med den föreslagna åldersadaptiva batterihanteringen för snabbladdning av prototypceller för fordon. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 74
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2024:5
Keywords
Lithium-ion battery, Parameter estimation, Aging-adaptive usage, Electrochemical battery management, Litiumjonbatteri, Parameteruppskattning, Åldringsmedveten användning, Elektrokemisk batterikontroll
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Research subject
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-342173 (URN)978-91-8040-825-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-02-12, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/meeting/register/u5ctc-iopjgsG93HDPjpY660rOTFbHZKIpzP, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 47103-1
Note

QC 20240117

Available from: 2024-01-17 Created: 2024-01-16 Last updated: 2026-01-13Bibliographically approved

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Andersson, MalinStreb, MoritzKlett, MatildaJohansson, MikaelLindbergh, Göran

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