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Turbulent flows over porous lattices: alteration of near-wall turbulence and pore-flow amplitude modulation
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6520-3261
Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7970-9762
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics, Tillämpad strömningsmekanik.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8209-1449
2024 (English)In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 984, article id A63Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

Turbulent flows over porous lattices consisting of rectangular cuboid pores are investigated using scale-resolving direct numerical simulations. Beyond a certain threshold which is primarily determined by the wall-normal Darcy permeability, Ky, near-wall turbulence transitions from its canonical regime, marked by the presence of streak-like structures, to another marked by the presence of Kelvin-Helmholtz-like (K-H-like) spanwise-coherent structures. The threshold agrees well with that previously established in studies where permeable-wall boundary conditions had been used as surrogates for a porous substrate. In the smooth-wall-like regime, none of the investigated substrates demonstrate any reduction in drag relative to a smooth-wall flow. At the permeable surface, a notable component of the flow is that which adheres to the pore geometry and undergoes modulation by the turbulent scales of motions due to the interaction mechanism described by Abderrahaman-Elena et al. (2019). Its resulting effect can be quantified in terms of an amplitude modulation (AM) using the approach of Mathis et al. (2009). This pore-coherent flow component persists throughout the porous substrate, highlighting the importance of a given substrate's microstructure in the presence of an overlying turbulent flow. This geometry-related aspect of the flow is not accounted for when continuum-based models for a porous medium or effective representations of them such as wall boundary conditions are used. The intensity of the AM effect is enhanced in the K-H-like regime and becomes strengthened with larger permeability. As a result, structured porous materials may be designed to exploit or mitigate these flow features depending upon the intended application.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press, 2024. Vol. 984, article id A63
Keywords [en]
Turbulence simulation, mixing enhancement, flow–structure interactions
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-344648DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2024.198ISI: 001199742200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85190449206OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-344648DiVA, id: diva2:1846812
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, SSF-FFL15-0001
Note

QC 20240327

Available from: 2024-03-25 Created: 2024-03-25 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Turbulent flows over permissive boundaries and porous walls
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Turbulent flows over permissive boundaries and porous walls
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Turbulenta flöden över porösa och ojämna ytor
Abstract [en]

This thesis investigates how in wall-bounded turbulent flows changes to the wall can induce changes in the flow. To this end, we investigate the use of wall boundary conditions meant to mimic the effect of textured surfaces. We also study the effect of porous walls on their overlying bulk turbulent flow and the consequences of these effects for heat transfer.

Textured surfaces can alter near-wall turbulence in subtle to dramatic ways. Vanishingly small surface textures of the order of the viscous sublayer thickness cause the displacement of the near-wall turbulence-generating flow structures by either restricting or permitting transpiration from taking place close to the surface. The former leads to drag reduction and the latter to its increase. As the textures increase in size and become comparable to the turbulence scales, they alter the near-wall dynamics and cause structural changes to occur in the flow. These effects are emulated using slip and transpiration boundary conditions called the Transpiration-Resistance model (TRM). Its utility in acting as an effective model for wall roughness is assessed. It captures the effect of vanishingly small roughness well, and to a limited extent larger roughness which protrude into the buffer layer. The TRM also helps to shed light on which near-wall structures play an essential role in the near-wall cycle of turbulence.

Porous walls permit the exchange of mass, momentum and energy with the overlying turbulence. Their permeable structure quickly causes the turbulence to depart from its canonical smooth-wall-like structure, and induce a Kelvin-Helmholtz-like instability which leads to the emergence of spanwise rollers. These rollers efficiently redistribute momentum and turbulent kinetic energy into the porous wall. This pronounced interaction between the wall and bulk flow regions is detrimental for drag but beneficial for the transport of heat. The potential of porous walls for enhancing heat transfer exceeds that of other passive wall structures such as roughness.

As an elementary study of the type of fluid-fluid-solid interactions which can take place on the microscale within porous media, the stability of a cylinder-wrapping corner film is investigated. It is shown that linear stability analysis (LSA) can predict the number of primary droplets when the film breaks up. The film morphology, however, exhibits complexities which cannot be predicted using LSA. A disjoining-pressure model (DPM) demonstrates that smaller secondary droplets may emerge during the film breakup process. Additionally, Volume of Fluid (VoF) simulations show that two initially emerging primary droplets may eventually coalesce into one, highlighting the non-linear mechanisms involved in the film morphology evolution.

Abstract [sv]

I detta arbete, undersöker vi hur turbulenta flöden påverkas av ytmodifieringar. För detta ändamål undersöker vi randvilkor som är avsedda att efterlikna effekten av ojämna ytor. Vi studerar också hur porösa ytor påverkar den överliggande turbulenta flödet.

Ytstrukturer kan påverka turbulens på ett subtilt sätt. Mycket små ytojämnheter (i storleksordningen av det viskösa skiktets tjocklek) orsakar en förskjutning av de turbulensgenererande flödesstrukturerna nära väggen genom att antingen begränsa eller tillåta transpiration att äga rum nära ytan. Det förra leder till minskning av luft/vattenmotståndet och det senare till dess ökning. När ytojämnheterna ökar i storlek och blir mer synliga för turbulensen, förändrar de dynamiken nära väggen och orsakar strukturella förändringar i flödet. Dessa effekter modelleras med hjälp av glid- och transpirationsrandvilkor som kallas ”Transpiration-Resistance Model”. Användbarheten av dessa randvilkor för att fungera som en effektiv modell för ytråhet har analyserats. Det visar sig att randvilkoren är en bra modell av små ytojämnheter, och i begränsad utsträckning större ojämnheter (som penetrerar buffertskiktet). TRM ökar vår förståelse kring vilka strukturer som är viktiga i turbulenscykeln när ytor.

Porösa väggar tillåter utbyte av massa, rörelsemängd och energi med den överliggande turbulensen. Deras permeabla struktur gör att turbulensen utvecklar en Kelvin-Helmholtz-liknande instabilitet som orsakar stora virvlar. Dessa virvlar omfördelar rörelsemängden och den turbulenta kinetiska energin i den porösa väggen. Denna överföring av energi bort från bulkflödet ökar motståndet men är fördelaktigt för transporten av värme. Vi visar att potentialen hos porösa väggar för förbättring av värmeöverföring är större jämfört med andra passiva väggstrukturer.

Vi har även utfört en studie av ett flerflassystem vid ytor. Flerfasinteraktioner äger oftast rum på en mikroskala i porösa medier. Vi har undersökt stabiliteten av tunn vätskehinna runt en cylinder. Teoretiska analyser från linjär stabilitetsanalys (LSA) kan prediktera antalet primära droppar som filmen kan bryta upp i. Filmmorfologin uppvisar emellertid komplexiteter som LSA inte tar hänsyn till. En mer komplex icke-linjär modell  visar att mindre sekundära droppar kan uppstå under filmuppbrytningsprocessen. Numeriska simuleringar baserade på .”Volume-of-Fluid (VoF)” visar att två initialt primära droppar så småningom kan gå ihop till en, vilket framhäver de icke-linjära mekanismerna som är involverade i processen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. xi, 80
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2024:15
Keywords
Direct numerical simulations, wall-bounded turbulence, flow control, porous walls, heat transfer, Direkta numeriska simuleringar, väggbunden turbulens, flödeskontroll, porösa väggar, värmeöverföring
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Engineering Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-344753 (URN)978-91-8040-875-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-04-12, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
Note

QC 20240327

Available from: 2024-03-27 Created: 2024-03-26 Last updated: 2025-02-09Bibliographically approved

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