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Cahn-Hilliard phase-field modeling captures the nanoscale hydrodynamics of contact lines on high-friction surfaces
KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biophysics. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2603-8440
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.ORCID iD: 0009-0004-1442-5082
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8209-1449
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4317-1726
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Incorporating molecular scale effects in the description of contact lines is difficult but necessary in order to accurately account for all sources of energy dissipation in wetting dynamics. This  holds particularly true in the cases where contact line friction determines wetting dynamics and hydrodynamics models struggle to find a regularisation due to the negligible slip of the wetting liquid over the solid surface. We perform Molecular Dynamics simulations of water/hexane biphasic systems, in the two-phase Couette flow configuration. Wetting occurs over a no-slip silica-like surface with variable wettability. The simulation results are reproduced by a Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes model, which includes localised contact line slip and contact angle dynamics. The continuous equations are directly parametrized from Molecular Dynamics simulation results, under the assumption of the numerical sharp interface limit. The reconfiguration of the liquid/liquid interface and the flow structure are found to be in good quantitative agreement. In particular, interface bending due to viscous flow and contact line friction is fully reproduced. Navier slip is calibrated to ensure numerical stability. The viable combinations of Navier slip and Cahn-Hilliard mobility parameters that agree with Molecular Dynamics simulations in the sharp interface limit are reported and discussed. The results presented in this article indicate that Phase Field modeling can capture the effects of molecular processes on the mobility of contact lines and that an accurate determination of contact line friction is key to fully reproduce Molecular Dynamics simulations.

National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346682OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-346682DiVA, id: diva2:1859495
Note

QC 20240522

Available from: 2024-05-21 Created: 2024-05-21 Last updated: 2025-02-09Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Bridging the molecular and the continuous pictures of wetting dynamics on hydrophilic surfaces
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bridging the molecular and the continuous pictures of wetting dynamics on hydrophilic surfaces
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The term ‘wetting' is used by the scientific community when referring to the affinity and the dynamics of liquid films, drops or menisci over solid surfaces. Wetting processes can be observed in everyday life: a water rivulet sliding down a glass window, an oil droplet hovering over a no-stick pan, a drink meniscus traveling up a straw. Given the mundane occurrence of wetting, it may surprise to discover that there is no definitive description of how it occurs in the first place. In the past 50 years the community of fluid dynamics has come up with theoretical models and experiments aimed to demystify the dynamics of contact lines, i.e. the locations in space where liquid, vapor and solid phases meet. One key conclusion of this effort is that wetting dynamics is inherently a multiscale process, whereby flow at all scales is important.

The possibility of investigating the physics of contact lines is limited by the spatial resolution of experiments. In the last two decades a new investigation tool has joined the fray: direct numerical experiments, in the form of Molecular Dynamics simulations. These ‘virtual lenses' enable us to inspect wetting processes with a time and spatial resolution impossible to achieve with experiments. The goal of this thesis is to use Molecular Dynamics simulations to understand how wetting on hydrophilic silica-like surfaces can be modeled using the tools of continuous hydrodynamics, and conversely what effects emerge inherently from the discrete nature of the molecular world.

Molecular simulations sacrifice computational efficiency on the altar of detail and cannot directly reproduce wetting processes occurring at the scale of microns and upward. Accurate meso- and macroscopic models that can incorporate the effects of molecular physics are hence of great importance. The first half of this thesis illustrates the process of parametrizing Phase Field and Volume of Fluid methods with information provided by molecular simulations, as well as the assessment of their physical validity. Contact line dynamics over hydrophilic surfaces where liquid-solid slip is negligible represents a stress-test for continuous hydrodynamics.

The second half of the thesis focuses on molecular scale effects. The local layering and orientation of water molecules close to silica surfaces is found to affect the mobility of contact lines. In particular, molecular motion in the two surface-nearest liquid layers is responsible for a friction asymmetry, whereby hydrophilic surfaces result easier to wet rather than de-wet. The relation between liquid-solid friction liquid viscosity is also studied. It is determined that accurate correlations can be obtained only by accounting for molecular structure at the liquid/wall interface. These results corroborate the view of wetting as an inherently interfacial process and the idea of incorporating molecular-scale physics in its description.

Abstract [sv]

Termen ‘vätning' används i den akademiska världen när man hänvisar till affiniteten och dynamiken hos vätskefilmer, droppar eller menisker över fasta ytor. Vätningsprocesser kan observeras i vardagen: en vattendroppe som glider ner längs en glasruta, en oljedroppe som svävar över en non-stick-panna, en dryck menisk som färdas upp längs ett sugrör. Med tanke på den vardagliga förekomsten av vätning kan det överraska att upptäcka att det inte finns någon definitiv beskrivning av hur den uppstår till att börja med. Under de senaste 50 åren har det inom strömningsmekaniken tagits fram teoretiska modeller och experiment som syftar till att avmystifiera dynamiken hos kontaktlinjer, dvs. platser där vätske-, gas- och fasta faser möts. En viktig slutsats av detta arbete är att vätningsdynamik är till sin natur en flerskalig process, där flöde på alla skalor är betydelsefullt.

Möjligheten att undersöka fysiken hos kontaktlinjer begränsas av rumsupplösningen hos experiment. Under de senaste två årtiondena har ett nytt undersökningsverktyg tagits fram: direkta numeriska experiment, i form av molekylär dynamik-simuleringar. Dessa ‘virtuella linser' gör det möjligt för oss att inspektera vätningsprocesser med en tids- och rumsupplösning som är omöjlig att uppnå med experiment. Målet med denna avhandling är att använda molekylär dynamik-simuleringar för att förstå hur vätning på hydrofila kiseldioxid-liknande ytor kan modelleras med hjälp av kontinuerlig strömningsmekanik, och omvänt vilka effekter som uppstår till följd av den diskreta naturen hos den molekylära världen.

Molekylära simuleringar offrar beräkningsmässig effektivitet till förmån för  detaljrikedom och kan inte direkt återskapa vätningsprocesser som sker på mikrometerskala och uppåt. Tillförlitliga meso- och makroskopiska modeller som kan inkorporera effekterna av molekylär fysik är därför av stor vikt. Den första halvan av denna avhandling illustrerar processen att parametrisera Phase Field och Volume of Fluid metoder med information som tillhandahålls av molekylära simuleringar, samt en bedömning av deras fysiska validitet. Kontaktlinje-dynamik över hydrofila ytor där slip mellan fasta- och vätskefaser är försumbart representerar ett stresstest för kontinuerlig strömningsmekanik.

Den andra halvan av avhandlingen fokuserar på effekter på molekylär skala. Den lokala skiktningen och orienteringen av vattenmolekyler nära kiseldioxidytor påverkar rörligheten hos kontaktlinjer. Specifikt ger molekylär rörelse i de två ytnära vätskeskikten upphov till en friktionsasymmetri, där hydrofila ytor ger mindre motstånd mot en avancerande kontaktlinje än en kontaktlinje som drar tillbaka. Relationen mellan vätskeviskositet och friktion mellan fasta och vätskeytor studeras också. Det visas att noggranna korrelationer endast kan erhållas genom att beakta molekylär struktur vid gränsyta mellan vätska och vägg. Dessa resultat bekräftar synen på vätning som en inneboende gränssnittsprocess och behovet av att inkludera fysik på molekylär skala i dess beskrivning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 197
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2024:30
Keywords
Wetting, Contact Lines, Molecular Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Multiscale Modeling, Molecular Kinetic Theory
National Category
Fluid Mechanics
Research subject
Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346683 (URN)978-91-8040-952-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-06-13, F3 (Flodis), Lindstedtsvägen 26 & 28, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
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Supervisors
Note

QC 2024-05-23

Available from: 2024-05-23 Created: 2024-05-21 Last updated: 2025-12-02Bibliographically approved

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Pellegrino, MicheleKunchi Kannan, ParvathyBagheri, ShervinTammisola, OutiHess, Berk

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