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Dynamic analysis of end-shield bridges considering soil-structure interaction
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. (Structural Engineering and Bridges)ORCID iD: 0009-0008-5895-8103
2024 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis investigates the effect of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) on the dynamic response of railway bridges with integrated retaining walls, referred to as end shield bridges, numerically and experimentally. The research aims to determine how surrounding soils influence the dynamic behavior of the system and their impact on high-speed train passage. The effect of uncertainties related to soil properties is examined, and simplified modeling techniques for incorporating SSI in the analysis of railway bridges are proposed. For this purpose, four railway bridges with end shields, including two single-span and two three-span structures, are equipped with numerous accelerometers and excited using a hydraulic actuator across various frequencies and load amplitudes.

In Paper I, a simplified 2D beam model of a three-span railway bridge, considering SSI only at the end shields, is presented. The effects of neglecting the backfill soil and removing the cantilever sections during high-speed train passage are investigated. It is shown that excluding the backfill soil leads to a significant increase in the acceleration response of the bridge due to the impact load effects of the train, and an acceptable alternative to not modeling the soil is to remove the cantilever parts of the bridge.

In Paper II, the impact of surrounding soils on the dynamic behavior of the same three-span railway bridge is studied in depth. A full 3D model of the railway bridge-soil system is created in the FE software and calibrated to the experimental data using the Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) at each sensor location. To assess the dynamic effect of surrounding soils, different models without soil components are created. It is observed that excluding soil can lead to a significant shift in the natural frequencies of the structure, particularly for higher modes, and a substantial increase in FRF amplitude.~Furthermore, high-speed train passage analysis indicates that removing soil can dramatically enhance the resonance response of the bridge.

In Pape III, simplified 3D solid and 2D beam modeling alternatives for end shield bridges are proposed. In the simplified 3D solid model, the influence of the backfill soil is introduced through distributed springs and dashpots derived from simple equations. In the simplified 2D beam model, the dynamic effect of the backfill soil is derived from the impedance functions of the soil medium. The performance of these simplified models is then compared to the calibrated 3D models in terms of the modal properties of the first bending mode and the maximum acceleration response during high-speed train passage. The results show that the simplified models closely align with the calibrated models, proving to be simple and efficient alternatives for practical use in bridge design.

Abstract [sv]

I denna avhandling studeras den dynamiska responsen hos järnvägsbroar med ändskärmar och dess inverkan av dynamisk jord-strukturinteraktion, både baserat på numeriska analyser och fältmätningar. Arbetet syftar till att öka förståelsen kring hur omgivande fyllning vid ändskärmen påverkar brons dynamiska egenskaper och dess respons vid tågpassager. Inverkan av osäkerheter relaterade till geotekniska parametrar undersöks och förenklade beräkningsmodeller med beaktande av jord-strukturinteraktion föreslås. Fyra järnvägsbroar med ändskärmar har analyserats, två fritt upplagda broar och två kontinuerliga broar i tre fack. Samtliga broar har instrumenterats med ett antal accelerometrar och en hydraulisk lastcylinder har använts för att påföra kontrollerad belastning med olika lastamplitud och lastfrekvens.

I artikel I visas en förenklad 2D-modell av en kontinuerlig bro i tre fack där inverkan av jord-strukturinteraktion beaktas. Alternativet att helt försumma både ändskärm och motliggande fyllning vid dynamisk analys av passerande tåg undersöks också. Analyserna visar att fyllningen har stor inverkan på resulterande accelerationsnivåer, vilket till stor del orsakas av impulsbelastning från passerande tåg men att en alternativ modell där både ändskärmar och konsolande del av bron försummas ger godtagbara resultat.

I artikel II analyseras samma bro som ovan, fast med en 3D-modell där fyllningen modelleras med volymselement. Modellen kalibreras mot fältmätningarna genom att jämföra experimentella och simulerade frekvenssvarsfunktioner för varje sensor. Resultaten visar att om motliggande fyllning försummas kan detta resultera i betydande ändring av brons egenfrekvenser, särskilt för högre moder, samt en ökning i vibrationsamplitud. Samverkan med fyllningen är även viktig vid analys av passerande tåg och om denna samverkan försummas ökar vibrationsnivåerna markant.

I artikel III föreslås förenklade 3D-modeller och 2D modeller för dynamisk analys av ändskärmsbroar. I 3D modelleras bron med volymselement men fyllningen som utbredda fjäder-dämparelement baserat på förenklade samband. I 2D modelleras bron som balkelement och fyllningen baserat på impedansfunktioner. De förenklade 2D- och 3D modellerna jämförs med den tidigare kalibrerade 3D-modellen. Störst fokus är på den första egenmoden och resulterande broacceleration från passerande tåg. De förenklade modellerna visas ge liknande resultat som den kalibrerade 3D-modellen och anses därför vara lämpliga och tidseffektiva vid dynamiska kontroller.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. , p. 40
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2422
Keywords [en]
High-speed railway bridges, Resonance of railway bridges, Soil-structure interaction, Full-scale dynamic testing, Finite element modeling, Dynamic analysis.
Keywords [sv]
järnvägsbroar på höghastighetsbanor, resonans, jord-strukturinteraktion, experimentell provning, finita elementmetoden, dynamisk analys.
National Category
Civil Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-353701ISBN: 978-91-8106-060-7 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-353701DiVA, id: diva2:1900358
Presentation
2024-10-18, M108, Brinellvägen 23, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69844892559, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 101012456EU, Horizon Europe, 101101966KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Note

QC 240923

Available from: 2024-09-23 Created: 2024-09-23 Last updated: 2024-09-24Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Dynamic soil-structure interaction of a continuous railway bridge
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dynamic soil-structure interaction of a continuous railway bridge
2024 (English)In: Eurodyn 2023: Proceedings XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics (Eurodyn 2023), IOP Publishing , 2024, Vol. 2647, p. 102007-Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper presents an efficient 2D beam model of a continuous single-trackconcrete slab bridge considering the effect of surrounding soil conditions at the location ofthe retaining walls. A 3D model is used to investigate the backfill soil’s added flexibility fordifferent soil properties. It is shown that for the first bending mode, the additional dynamicstiffness of the backfill soil can be modeled using equivalent vertical and rotational springs.Various experimental tests have been performed on the studied railway bridge, including forcedvibration tests and train passage loadings. Good agreement is found between the 2D model andthe experimental data. It is shown that removing the soil causes both a shift in the structure’snatural frequencies (and their corresponding resonant speed) and a substantial increase inacceleration amplitude. This may give the impression that the bridge is not suitable for highspeedtrain passage. It is also shown that the bridge’s response to train passage is mainlygoverned by the first bending mode.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOP Publishing, 2024
Series
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, ISSN 1742-6588, E-ISSN 1742-6596 ; 2647
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-343983 (URN)10.1088/1742-6596/2647/10/102007 (DOI)2-s2.0-85197765885 (Scopus ID)
Conference
XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics (Eurodyn 2023), Delft, The Netherlands, 02-05 July 2023
Note

QC 20240402

Available from: 2024-02-28 Created: 2024-02-28 Last updated: 2024-09-23Bibliographically approved
2. Dynamic soil–structure interaction of a three-span railway bridge subject to high-speed train passage
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dynamic soil–structure interaction of a three-span railway bridge subject to high-speed train passage
2024 (English)In: Engineering structures, ISSN 0141-0296, E-ISSN 1873-7323, Vol. 301, article id 117296Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this study, the influence of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) on the dynamic behavior of a three-span concrete slab railway bridge with integrated retaining walls is investigated. The bridge is subjected to controlled excitations using a hydraulic actuator with different frequencies and load amplitudes. A 3D model of the railway bridge-soil system is implemented and calibrated using the experimental frequency response functions at each sensor location. A soil-free model is also created to compare with the calibrated model. It is observed that the dynamic behavior of the railway bridge is substantially altered by the presence of the surrounding soils, and neglecting SSI can lead to underestimation and inaccurate results. Additionally, the calibrated model is used for further train-passage analyses. For the studied bridge, neglecting SSI increases the maximum acceleration response of the bridge during high-speed train passages from 5.5 m/s2 up to 14.5 m/s2. It is also shown that the response of the bridge during train passage is predominantly influenced by its first bending mode, with higher modes inducing no discernible effect. Finally, parametric studies are performed in order to study the uncertainties related to the soil properties.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2024
Keywords
Dynamic analysis, Finite element modeling, Full-scale dynamic test, High-speed railway bridges, Resonance of railway bridges, Soil–structure interaction
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-341941 (URN)10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.117296 (DOI)001137752100001 ()2-s2.0-85180375706 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20240108

Available from: 2024-01-08 Created: 2024-01-08 Last updated: 2024-09-23Bibliographically approved
3. Simplified soil-structure interaction modeling techniques for the dynamic assessment of end shield bridges
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Simplified soil-structure interaction modeling techniques for the dynamic assessment of end shield bridges
2024 (English)In: Engineering structures, ISSN 0141-0296, E-ISSN 1873-7323, Vol. 319, article id 118803Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this paper, the dynamic behavior of four railway bridges with integrated retaining walls, considering the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI), is investigated both numerically and experimentally. Among these bridges, two are single-span, and the remaining two are three-span. Each bridge is equipped with numerous accelerometers and is excited by a hydraulic actuator across various frequencies. Full 3D solid Finite Element (FE) models incorporating the railway bridges and surrounding soils are developed and calibrated using the Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) from each accelerometer. Furthermore, simplified 3D solid and 2D beam models are created for each railway bridge, incorporating springs and dashpots to account for the effect of surrounding soils. The values for these springs and dashpots are obtained from simple equations, except for the impact of the backfill soil in the simplified 2D beam models, which are derived from the impedance functions of the soil medium. The performance of these simplified models is then compared to the calibrated 3D models in terms of modal properties of the first bending mode and the maximum acceleration response during highspeed train passages. The results indicate that the simplified models closely align with the calibrated models in terms of modal properties and high-speed train passage response and can be used as simple and efficient alternatives for practical usage in bridge design.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2024
Keywords
High-speed railway bridges, Resonance of railway bridges, Soil-structure interaction, Full-scale dynamic test, Finite element modeling, Dynamic analysis
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-352996 (URN)10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.118803 (DOI)001300118700001 ()2-s2.0-85201623790 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20240912

Available from: 2024-09-12 Created: 2024-09-12 Last updated: 2024-09-23Bibliographically approved

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12 2 of 2
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