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High-performance, energy-efficient nano-lignocellulose foams for sustainable technologies
Stockholm University.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5980-1641
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0077-9662
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2984-7702
Stockholm University.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8795-762x
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

There has been a recent surge of interest in biobased foams for applications ranging from building sustainability (insulation) to biomedicine, pharmaceutics, and electronics (scaffolds). Foams made from nanocellulose are porous and low-density materials with numerous potential applications. This study compares the production energy, structure, and properties of foams made from TEMPO-oxidized lignocellulose nanofibers (TOLCNF) derived from unbleached wood pulp, and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF) from bleached cellulose pulp. TOLCNF foams not only demonstrate superior structural integrity and load-bearing capacity (specific Young’s modulus of 37.4 J g-1 vs. 16.4 J g-1 for TOCNF) but also exhibit a higher yield during production due to the minimal processing required for unbleached pulp. Furthermore, TOLCNF foams require about 20 % less cumulative energy than TOCNF foams (26 vs. 32 MJ kg-1), largely owing to the energy-efficient preparation of TOLCNF from unbleached wood pulp. TOLCNF foams also have a significantly lower cumulative energy demand (CED) compared to fossil-based alternatives like expanded polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane (PU), highlighting their reduced environmental impact. Despite their lightweight nature, TOLCNF foams exhibit competitive compressive strength, making them viable candidates for eco-friendly applications across various industries. Overall, this study demonstrates that TOLCNF foams are an attractive alternative to other bioand fossil-based foams, offering a balance of energy efficiency, higher yield, mechanical performance, and sustainability.

National Category
Polymer Technologies Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science; Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-354249OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-354249DiVA, id: diva2:1902722
Note

QC 20241002

Available from: 2024-10-02 Created: 2024-10-02 Last updated: 2024-10-07Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Hydrodynamic assembly and alignment of bio-nanofibers: Exploring cellulose and protein nanofibrils for advanced material applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hydrodynamic assembly and alignment of bio-nanofibers: Exploring cellulose and protein nanofibrils for advanced material applications
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis investigates the development and characterization of advanced materials derived from renewable sources, with a focus on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs), and protein nanofibrils (PNFs). The research aims to understand the intricate dynamics and interactions at the nano-scale, which are essential for enhancing the mechanical properties, sustainability, and practical applications of these materials.

The study begins with the exploration of CNFs in the presence of Helux, a dendritic polyampholyte. By examining the spinnability, alignment, and mechanical properties of CNF-composite filaments, the research demonstrates how Helux influences the assembly process. While Helux reduces fibril alignment due to increased rotary diffusion, it simultaneously creates a robust 3D network through ionic interactions, resulting in a trade-off that enhances the toughness and strength of the filaments.

The work then extends to LCNFs derived from unbleached softwood kraft pulps with varying lignin content. Lignin adds complexity to the alignment and mechanical properties of LCNFs, acting as a natural adhesive that enhances interfibrillar interactions. The study shows that LCNF-filaments exhibit higher tensile strength and modulus compared to CNF-filaments, particularly when lignin content is optimized. Additionally, LCNF-based foams are evaluated for their mechanical properties and lower cumulative energy demand, highlighting their potential for sustainable material applications.

In the final section, the thesis examines PNFs, focusing on how their morphology affects alignment and assembly under different flow conditions. Using microfluidic techniques and in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), the research reveals the significant role of nanofibril morphology in forming hierarchical structures. The study also explores the use of genipin as a cross-linker to enhance the mechanical properties of PNF-based microfibers, demonstrating how cross-linking can improve fiber strength and ductility.

This thesis advances the field of sustainable material development by offering insights into the factors that influence the alignment, assembly, and mechanical performance of nanofibril-based materials, contributing to the creation of high-performance, environmentally friendly materials.

Abstract [sv]

I denna avhandling presenteras utveckling och karakterisering av avancerade material baserade på förnyelsebara råvaror, framför allt cellulosananofibriller (CNF), lignocellulosananofibriller (LCNF) och proteinnanofibriller (PNF). Arbetets syfte är att förstå den komplicerade dynamik och interaktion på nano-skala som styr både de mekaniska egenskaperna och avancerade funktioner hos de skapade materialen.

Studien börjar med en undersökning av CNF i närvaro av Helux, en dendritisk polyamfolyt. Genom att undersöka spinnbarhet, fibrillorientering och mekaniska egenskaper hos CNF-kompositfilament utreds hur Helux påverkar sammansättningsprocessen. Närvaron av Helux minskar fibrillernas upplinjering på grund av ökad rotationsdiffusion, men skapar samtidigt ett robust 3D-nätverk genom joniska interaktioner. Detta resulterar i en komplex avvägning mellan dessa två effekter, vilka leder till minskad respektive ökad styvhet.

Arbetet utvidgas sedan till LCNF från ofullständigt blekt barrträds-(pappers)massa med varierande lignininnehåll. Precis som Helux påverkar upplinjeringen och de mekaniska egenskaperna hos filament skapade av LCNF, där ligninet fungerar som ett naturligt bindemedel som förbättrar interfibrillära interaktioner. Studien visar att LCNF-filament uppvisar högre brottstyrka och styvhet jämfört med CNF-filament, särskilt när lignininnehållet är optimerat. Utöver filament görs skum från LCNF. Dessa utvärderas med avseende på mekaniska egenskaper och kumulativt energibehov. Dessa skum visar stor potential som ett hållbart alternativ till fossilbaserade skum.

I den sista delen av avhandlingen undersöks PNF, speciellt hur deras morfologi påverkar upplinjering och materialsyntes under olika flödesförhållanden. Med hjälp av mikrofluidiktekniker och in situ röntgenspridning undersöks hur nanofibrillmorfologi påverkar uppkomsten av hierarkiska materialstrukturer. Studien utforskar också användningen av genipin som tvärbindare för att förbättra de mekaniska egenskaperna hos PNF-baserade mikrofilament. Det demonstreras att tvärbindning kan förbättra fiberstyrka och duktilitet.

Sammanfattningsvis bidrar denna avhandling till utvecklingen av högpresterande hållbara material genom ny förståelse vad gäller upplinjering, syntes och mekaniska prestanda hos nanofibrillbaserade material och bidrar till skapandet av högpresterande, miljövänliga material.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2024:45
Keywords
Bio-nanofibers, alignment, material properties, small angle x-ray scattering, sustainability, Bio-nanofibrer, upplinjering, materialegenskaper, in situ röntgenspridning, hållbarhet
National Category
Fluid Mechanics Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology Other Physics Topics
Research subject
Engineering Mechanics; Fibre and Polymer Science; Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-354252 (URN)978-91-8106-049-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-10-25, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/65482520360, F2, Lindstedtsvägen 26 & 28, Stockholm, 10:15 (English)
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Note

QC 241002

Available from: 2024-10-02 Created: 2024-10-02 Last updated: 2025-02-05Bibliographically approved

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Hadi, Seyed EhsanDavoodi, SaeedOliaei, ErfanNocerino, ElisabettaBerglund, LarsLundell, Fredrik

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