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Optimal control strategy for a cutting-edge hybrid ventilation system in classrooms: Comparative analysis based on air pollution levels across cities
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering. Department of Heating, Ventilation and Dust Removal Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2237-3994
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8118-8329
Department of Heating, Ventilation and Dust Removal Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2025 (English)In: Building and Environment, ISSN 0360-1323, E-ISSN 1873-684X, Vol. 267, article id 112295Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Natural ventilation has the potential to enhance indoor air quality in classrooms with elevated CO2 levels, although it may introduce outdoor pollutants. This study introduces a novel controller for automatic windows that simultaneously monitors outdoor air pollution and temperature, synchronizing window openings with mechanical ventilation system to create a comfortable, healthy, and energy-efficient indoor environment. The practicality of the proposed controller is assessed for a classroom in Delhi, Warsaw, and Stockholm, each with contrasting climates and outdoor pollution levels, specifically PM2.5 and NO2. The controller parameters are optimized for each city using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to find the best trade-off between thermal comfort, CO2 levels, and energy consumption. The results show that the controller successfully met the indoor air quality standards in all cities; however, its operation was significantly influenced by the climate and pollution levels. While natural ventilation was utilized for 44% and 31% of the year in Warsaw and Stockholm, respectively, it was used for only 11% of the year in Delhi, the most polluted city. The optimization process significantly reduced energy use across all cities while also successfully reducing indoor CO2 concentrations. Although thermal comfort decreased slightly, it remained within acceptable thermal comfort conditions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd , 2025. Vol. 267, article id 112295
Keywords [en]
Air quality, EnergyPlus, Hybrid ventilation, Multi-objective optimization, Smart controllers, Window opening
National Category
Building Technologies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-356966DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112295ISI: 001363562800001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85209676143OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-356966DiVA, id: diva2:1916673
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QC 20241128

Available from: 2024-11-28 Created: 2024-11-28 Last updated: 2024-12-09Bibliographically approved

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Behzadi, AmirmohammadSadrizadeh, Sasan

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