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Increasing interest towards engineering in the context of Nordic STEM outreach activities
Design Factory, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8656-2201
Design Factory, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Learning in Stem.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4115-6584
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Learning in Stem.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4954-6747
2024 (English)In: European Journal of Engineering Education, ISSN 0304-3797, E-ISSN 1469-5898, p. 1-17Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

While the demand for employment in engineering is growing, most Nordic countries are struggling to attract enough adolescents to study Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Previous studies have identified outreach activities as an essential tool for sharing information about STEM education, but their effectiveness in motivating adolescents to apply for engineering education is difficult to measure. To counteract the decline in recruits, universities are looking for ways to improve the effectiveness of their STEM outreach activities. This study examines how different university-led STEM outreach activities are designed to support adolescents’ interest development in STEM subjects. The data is based on semi-structured interviews with the organisers of 10 Nordic outreach activities, ranging from one-day events to nationwide umbrella organisations involving universities. The resulting 100 descriptions of supporting interest development in STEM subjects are analysed using content analysis. The findings identify common practices for supporting interest development in STEM subjects by supporting relatedness, strengthening competence, promoting autonomy, raising awareness, and building knowledge in STEM. The present study reveals the significance of applying both affective-emotional and cognitive-rational practices to create engaging outreach experiences that motivate participants to study engineering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Informa UK Limited , 2024. p. 1-17
Keywords [en]
outreach engineering education
National Category
Social Sciences
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-359339DOI: 10.1080/03043797.2024.2440080ISI: 001378995100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85212299078OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-359339DiVA, id: diva2:1932873
Note

QC 20250131

Available from: 2025-01-30 Created: 2025-01-30 Last updated: 2025-09-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Transforming Engineering Education: Motivational dynamics and societal relevance through Challenge-based Learning and authentic, real-world educational experiences.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Transforming Engineering Education: Motivational dynamics and societal relevance through Challenge-based Learning and authentic, real-world educational experiences.
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This doctoral thesis explores motivation in engineering education through authentic, real-world orientated learning experiences, focusing on Challenge-Based Learning (CBL), Work Industry-related Activities (WIAs), and STEM outreach. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), it examines how these practices can support or hinder students’ basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness across educational stages from pre-university to postgraduate levels.

Study I reveals that meaningful WIAs that are aligned with student goals enhance motivation and professional identity, while employer-driven tasks may undermine it. Study II’s scoping review identifies a predominance of quantitative research on CBL and student motivation, with limited theory-informed qualitative analysis. Study III analyses student experience data using SDT to show that CBL fosters motivation through autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The same data show that frustration of these psychological needs leads to disengagement. Study IV analyzes Nordic STEM outreach, finding strong support for relatedness and competence but highlighting gaps in fostering autonomy and sustaining long-term interest.

The findings emphasize that motivation is enhanced when educational experiences are authentic, relevant, and connected to career aspirations. Motivation, however, is fragile and can be undermined by externally imposed or poorly aligned tasks. Structural tensions arise when pedagogies prioritize market or institutional agendas over student agency, limiting meaningful engagement.

This research extends SDT’s application in engineering education beyond classrooms to complex, interdisciplinary contexts. It advocates for “need-liberatory pedagogy” that empowers students as active knowledge co-creators, fostering curiosity, sustainability, and ethical responsibility. Practical implications include designing pedagogies aligned with SDT, promoting inclusive outreach, and embedding psychological metrics in policy and evaluation.

The thesis calls for sustained, participatory educational frameworks and outlines future research on autonomy-supportive teaching in CBL settings to deepen understanding of motivational support.

Abstract [sv]

Doktorsavhandlingen undersöker motivation inom ingenjörsutbildning genom autentiska, verklighetsnära lärandeupplevelser med fokus på Challenge-Based Learning (CBL), arbetslivsrelaterade aktiviteter (WIAs) och STEM-outreach. Med utgångspunkt i Self-Determination Theory (SDT) analyseras hur dessa metoder stödjer eller hindrar studenters grundläggande psykologiska behov av autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet över utbildningsnivåer från föruniversitär till forskarutbildning.

Fyra sammanlänkade studier använder kvalitativa metoder och litteratursyntes. Studie I visar att meningsfulla WIAs som är i linje med studenternas mål ökar motivation och professionell identitet, medan uppgifter styrda av arbetsgivare kan underminera motivationen. Studie II:s översikt identifierar en övervikt av kvantitativ forskning om CBL och studentmotivation, med begränsad teoriinformerad kvalitativ analys. Studie III tillämpar SDT och visar att CBL främjar motivation genom att tillgodose behov av autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet, men att frustration av dessa behov leder till minskat engagemang. Studie IV analyserar nordiska STEM-outreach-aktiviteter och finner starkt stöd för samhörighet och kompetens, men framhäver brister i att främja autonomi och att upprätthålla långsiktigt intresse.

Resultaten betonar att motivation stärks när utbildningsupplevelser är autentiska, relevanta och kopplade till karriärambitioner. Samtidigt är motivationen skör och kan försvagas av påtvingade eller dåligt anpassade uppgifter. Strukturella spänningar uppstår när pedagogik prioriterar marknads- eller institutionsagendor framför studenters handlingsutrymme, vilket begränsar kritiskt engagemang.

Forskningen utvidgar SDT:s tillämpning inom ingenjörsutbildning bortom klassrum till komplexa, tvärvetenskapliga sammanhang. Den förespråkar en “need-liberatory pedagogy” som ger studenter möjlighet att vara aktiva medskapare av kunskap, och som främjar nyfikenhet, hållbarhet och etiskt ansvarstagande. Praktiska implikationer inkluderar att utforma pedagogik i linje med SDT, främja inkluderande outreach och integrera psykologiska mått i policy och utvärdering.

Avhandlingen efterlyser långsiktiga, deltagande utbildningsramar och presenterar framtida forskning om autonomistödjande undervisning i CBL-miljöer för att fördjupa förståelsen av motivationsstöd.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 239
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2025:40
Keywords
Engineering education, motivation, self-determination theory, challenge-based learning, work industry-related activities, STEM outreach, student engagement, authentic learning and higher education, Ingenjörsutbildning, motivation, self-determination theory, challenge-based learning, arbetslivsrelaterade aktiviteter, STEM-outreach, studentengagemang, autentiskt lärande och högre utbildning
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies Science and Technology Studies Social Sciences Pedagogy Educational Sciences Didactics
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-369641 (URN)978-91-8106-390-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-10-03, Kollegiesalen / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69620940915, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-09-12 Created: 2025-09-11 Last updated: 2025-09-29Bibliographically approved

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